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81.
EG Ciolac SS Mantuani CM Neiva CEL Verardi DM Pess?a-Filho L Pimenta 《Biology of sport / Institute of Sport》2015,32(2):103-108
The aim of the present study was to analyse the usefulness of the 6-20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale for prescribing and self-regulating high-intensity interval training (HIT) in young individuals. Eight healthy young subjects (age = 27.5±6.7 years) performed maximal graded exercise testing to determine their maximal and reserve heart rate (HR). Subjects then performed two HIT sessions (20 min on a treadmill) prescribed and regulated by their HR (HR: 1 min at 50% alternated with 1 min at 85% of reserve HR) or RPE (RPE: 1 minute at the 9-11 level [very light-fairly light] alternated with 1 minute at the 15-17 level [hard-very hard]) in random order. HR response and walking/running speed during the 20 min of exercise were compared between sessions. No significant difference between sessions was observed in HR during low- (HR: 135±15 bpm; RPE: 138±20 bpm) and high-intensity intervals (HR: 168±15 bpm; RPE: 170±18 bpm). Walking/running speed during low- (HR: 5.7±1.2 km · h−1; RPE: 5.7±1.3 km · h−1) and high-intensity intervals (HR: 7.8±1.9 km · h−1; RPE: 8.2±1.7 km · h−1) was also not different between sessions. No significant differences were observed in HR response and walking/running speed between HIT sessions prescribed and regulated by HR or RPE. This finding suggests that the 6-20 RPE scale may be a useful tool for prescribing and self-regulating HIT in young subjects. 相似文献
82.
83.
Tim S. Jessop Rita Chan Devi Stuart-Fox 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2009,195(7):619-630
In some species, females develop bright colouration to signal reproductive status and exhibit behavioural repertoires to incite
male courtship and/or reduce male harassment and forced copulation. Sex steroids, including progesterone and testosterone,
potentially mediate female reproductive colouration and reproductive behaviour. We measured associations among plasma profiles
of testosterone and progesterone with variation in colour expression and reproductive behaviour, including unique courtship
rejection behaviours, in female Lake Eyre dragon lizards, (Ctenophorus maculosus). At onset of breeding, progesterone and testosterone increased with vitellogenesis, coincident with colour intensification
and sexual receptivity, indicated by acceptance of copulations. As steroid levels peaked around the inferred ovulation time,
maximal colour development occurred and sexual receptivity declined. When females were gravid and exhibited maximal mate rejection
behaviours, progesterone levels remained consistently high, while testosterone exhibited a discrete second peak. At oviposition,
significant declines in plasma steroid levels, fading of colouration and a dramatic decrease in male rejection behaviours
co-occurred. Our results indicate a generally concordant association among steroid levels, colouration, behaviour and reproductive
events. However, the prolonged elevation in progesterone and a second peak of testosterone was unrelated to reproductive state
or further colour change, possibly suggesting selection on females to retain high steroid levels for inducing rejection behaviours. 相似文献
84.
85.
We used a phylogenetic comparative approach to investigate the importance of ecological shifts in the diversification of both
signalling traits and ecomorphological traits in a diverse group of Australian skinks (Carlia). First, we tested whether divergence in male breeding coloration is associated with shifts in habitat openness. Second,
we examined whether the type or location of male breeding coloration changes predictably with habitat openness. Third, we
tested the ecomorphological predictions that body size should vary in relation to habitat openness and that limb length, toe
length and head depth should vary with substrate use. Divergence in male breeding coloration was positively associated with
shifts in habitat openness. Our results also indicate that species occupying more open habitats tend to use male sexual signals
located on lateral body regions and not necessarily on body regions that are potentially more concealed from aerial predators
(e.g. chest and throat). With regard to ecomorphological traits, habitat openness appears to have no predictable influence
on body size at the inter-specific level, contrary to expectations based on intra-specific studies. However, consistent with
functional predictions, we found that preference for rocky habitats is associated with relatively longer hind limb length,
presumably due to selection for greater speed and jumping ability on these substrates. Overall, results of this study support
the hypothesis that ecological shifts play a central role in promoting morphological diversification. 相似文献