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11.
Simultaneous saccharification and protein enrichment fermentation of sugar beet pulp 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary A product with 40 % protein content was obtained from sugar beet pulp (1.25–2.0 mm) in 48 h one stage (simultaneous) saccharification/fermentation process under optimized conditions using a specific enzyme mixture andCandida
tropicalis strain, also saving about 40 % enzymes in comparison to a 2-stage process. 相似文献
12.
Experiments were designed to examine the influence of adult males on the rate of sexual maturation in young female wild mice. In one experiment, young females were raised in presence of adult males, adult females and in absence of any individual, while in another, they were exposed to urines of: (1) castrated males, (2) spayed females, (3) castrated and TP-treated males, (4) castrated and placebo-injected males. Female maturation as measured by age at vaginal opening and first vaginal oestrus was accelerated by presence of adult males, whereas presence of adult females considerably delayed the vaginal opening and the appearance of first oestrus in young females. In the other set of the experiments, urine from castrated or castrated and placebo-injected males was ineffective in inducing early puberty while urine from spayed females highly delayed the sexual maturation. By contrast, urine from castrated and TP-treated males accelerated the puberty more or less like normal males. The results indicate that male's chemosignal accelerating puberty in young females is present in urine and its production is under the control of androgens. However, the female-originating urinary pheromone which delays the puberty in young females is not regulated by ovarian hormones. 相似文献
13.
H A Gabb M E Harris N B Pandey W F Marzluff S C Harvey 《Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics》1992,9(6):1119-1130
The 3'-end of histone mRNAs contains a highly conserved sequence motif which is believed to form a 6 base pair stem and a 4 base loop. These sequences are involved in both the efficiency of 3'-end formation and stability of the mature histone mRNA. We have modeled four stem basepairs and the loop portion of this structure using the wildtype sequences and several mutant sequences. A structure for the wildtype stem-loop is proposed that is based on energy minimization using a representative wildtype sequence and comparison with structures obtained using naturally occurring mutations which do not alter loop function. A wildtype structure is proposed in which the top basepair of the stem is broken, forming a six base loop. Mutant sequences with altered bases in the loop and in the stem were also modeled. The effect of these mutations on the proposed wildtype structure is discussed and possible biological consequences considered. 相似文献
14.
Different complexes are formed on the 3'' end of histone mRNA with nuclear and polyribosomal proteins. 总被引:14,自引:7,他引:7 下载免费PDF全文
Specific protein-RNA complexes are formed by incubating a synthetic histone mRNA 3' end (a 30 nucleotide stem-loop structure) RNA with extracts of either nuclei or polyribosomes. The complex formed between the stem-loop and nuclear proteins has a lower electrophoretic mobility than the complex formed between the stem-loop and polyribosomal proteins. Binding of the synthetic 3' end by both polyribosomal and nuclear proteins is abolished when two of the conserved uridine residues in the loop are replaced with adenosines. UV crosslinking of the protein complexes to the synthetic RNA resulted in transferring radiolabel to similar sized proteins, 50 kD, in both the nuclear and polyribosomal extracts. 相似文献
15.
G N La Mar T Jue K Nagai K M Smith Y Yamamoto R J Kauten V Thanabal K C Langry R K Pandey H K Leung 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1988,952(2):131-141
The heme methyl and vinyl alpha-proton signals have been assigned in low-spin ferric cyanide and azide ligated derivatives of the intact tetramer of hemoglobin A, as well as the isolated chains, by reconstituting the proteins with selectively deuterated hemins. For the hemoglobin cyanide tetramer, assignment to individual subunits was effected by forming hybrid hemoglobins possessing isotope-labeled hemins in only one type of subunit. The heme methyl contact shift pattern has 1-methyl and 5-methyl shifts furthest downfield in both chains and the individual subunits of the intact hemoglobin in both the cyanide- and azide-ligated species, which is consistent with a dominant rhombic perturbation due to the proximal His-F8 imidazole pi bonding in the known structure for human adult hemoglobin. The individual chain and subunit assignments confirm that the detailed electronic/magnetic properties of the heme pocket are essentially unaltered upon assembling the R-state tetramer from the isolated subunits. 相似文献
16.
Atrial natriuretic factor regulates steroidogenic responsiveness and cyclic nucleotide levels in mouse Leydig cells in vitro 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
K N Pandey S N Pavlou W J Kovacs T Inagami 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1986,138(1):399-404
The effects of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on the regulation of mouse Leydig cell steroidogenesis have been studied in vitro. ANF in nanomolar concentration increased testosterone production by more than 30-fold over basal levels. Concomitantly, cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels were increased 35-fold; cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels fell minimally (15-20%). ANF at low concentration (1 X 10(-11) M) inhibited testosterone production by luteinizing hormone-stimulated cells, while at higher concentration (greater than 2 X 10(-9) M) ANF stimulated steroidogenesis beyond the level attained by luteinizing hormone alone. These results indicate that ANF can exert stimulatory effects on testosterone steroidogenesis in vitro, and that the mechanism may involve an intracellular messenger other than cyclic adenosine monophosphate. 相似文献
17.
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a peptide hormone discovered recently from the heart atrium that possesses potent natriuretic and vasorelaxant activities. Recently we found that ANF markedly stimulates intracellular cGMP and almost completely inhibits cAMP accumulation in testicular interstitial tumor cells [Pandey, K. N., Kovacs, W. J., & Inagami, T. (1985) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 133, 800-806]. These actions of ANF suggest the presence of ANF receptors in testicular interstitial cells. In this study, cultured murine Leydig tumor cells have been shown to contain specific binding sites for ANF. Saturation binding studies indicated a single class of binding sites with a Kd of 5 X 10(-9) M at a density of 2 X 10(6) sites/cell. The binding of mono[125I]iodo-ANF (125I-ANF) was competed by unlabeled ANF in a dose-dependent manner. Hormones unrelated to ANF such as angiotensin I, bovine luteinizing hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin were not able to compete against 125I-ANF. The binding of 125I-ANF was rapid, reaching maximum levels in 15 min at 4 degrees C. At 37 degrees C, the cell-bound 125I label was quickly decreased. Pretreatment of cells with NH4Cl, chloroquine, or NaN3 resulted in significant increases in maximum levels of the cell-bound 125I radioactivity. A photoaffinity reagent for ANF receptor was prepared by reacting ANF with succinimido 4-azidobenzoate, and resultant 4-azidobenzoyl- (AZB-) ANF was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AZB-ANF was radioiodinated by use of chloramine T and purified again by HPLC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
18.
U Pande G N La Mar J T Lecomte F Ascoli M Brunori K M Smith R K Pandey D W Parish V Thanabal 《Biochemistry》1986,25(19):5638-5646
The 1H NMR characteristics of the high-spin metmyoglobin from the mollusc Aplysia limacina have been investigated and compared with those of the myoglobin (Mb) from sperm whale. Aplysia metMb exhibits a normal acid----alkaline transition with pK approximately 7.8. In the acidic form, the heme methyl and meso proton resonances have been assigned by 1H NMR using samples reconstituted with selectively deuterated hemins and in the latter case by 2H NMR as well. On the basis of the methyl peak intensities and shift pattern, heme rotational disorder could be established in Aplysia Mb; approximately 20% of the protein exhibits a reversed heme orientation compared to that found in single crystals. Three meso proton resonances have been detected in the upfield region between -16 and -35 ppm, showing that the chemical shift of such protons can serve as a diagnostic probe for a pentacoordinated active site in hemoproteins, as previously shown to be the case in model compounds. The temperature dependence of the chemical shift of the meso proton signals deviates strongly from the T-1 Curie behavior, reflecting the presence of a thermally accessible Kramers doublet with significant S = 3/2 character. Nuclear Overhauser effect, NOE, measurements on Aplysia metMb have provided the assignment of individual heme alpha-propionate resonances and were used to infer spatial proximity among heme side chains. The hyperfine shift values for assigned resonances, the NOE connectivities, and the NOE magnitudes were combined to reach a qualitative picture of the rotational mobility and the orientation of the vinyl and propionate side chains of Aplysia metMb relative to sperm whale MbH2O.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
19.
G L Kedderis D E Rickert R N Pandey P F Hollenberg 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1986,261(34):15910-15914
Chloroperoxidase, horseradish peroxidase, hemoglobin, myoglobin, lactoperoxidase, and microperoxidase catalyzed the ethyl hydroperoxide-dependent oxidation of N-methylcarbazole to N-(hydroxymethyl)carbazole and N-formylcarbazole as major products. Mass spectral analysis of the N-(hydroxymethyl)carbazole formed during the peroxidase-catalyzed N-demethylation of N-methylcarbazole in 18O-enriched medium indicated partial incorporation (7.5-25.9%) of solvent water oxygen into the carbinolamine intermediate in all systems investigated, suggesting that the peroxidase active site is partially accessible to solvent water during N-demethylation. In contrast, solvent water oxygen was not incorporated into the N-formylcarbazole formed during the peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of N-methylcarbazole. N-(Hydroxymethyl)carbazole was not further metabolized by the peroxidases in the presence of ethyl hydroperoxide, indicating that it is not an intermediate in N-formylcarbazole formation. The horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed formation of N-formylcarbazole was decreased by 77% when the hydroperoxide-supported reactions were carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere, while the formation of N-(hydroxymethyl)carbazole was decreased by 46%. When the horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed reactions were carried out in a 18O2 atmosphere, 18O incorporation into N-(hydroxymethyl)carbazole was 64.4% of the total oxygen, while 81.8% of the oxygen incorporated into N-formylcarbazole came from 18O2. These results suggest that there are two different mechanisms for the formation of N-(hydroxymethyl)carbazole, both involving the initial oxidation of N-methylcarbazole to a neutral carbon-centered radical. The radical can be further oxidized in the enzyme active site to an iminium cation, which reacts with water derived from either the oxidant or the medium to form the carbinolamine. Alternatively, the substrate radical can react with molecular oxygen to form a hydroperoxy radical, which decomposes to form the carboxaldehyde and carbinolamine. 相似文献
20.
Production of glycerol by Hansenula anomala in molasses-corn steep liquor based media was studied. The accumulation and yield of glycerol was dependent on the medium composition and aeration rate; pH control did not affect the yield. Intermittent addition of sugar during fermentation resulted in significant increase in production of glycerol. 相似文献