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61.
62.
Jean-Louis Spadoni Pierre Rucart Sigrid Le Clerc Dani?lle van Manen Cédric Coulonges Damien Ulveling Vincent Laville Taoufik Labib Lieng Taing Olivier Delaneau Matthieu Montes Hanneke Schuitemaker Josselin Noirel Jean-Fran?ois Zagury 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
Background
Many genome-wide association studies have been performed on progression towards the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and they mainly identified associations within the HLA loci. In this study, we demonstrate that the integration of biological information, namely gene expression data, can enhance the sensitivity of genetic studies to unravel new genetic associations relevant to AIDS.Methods
We collated the biological information compiled from three databases of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) involved in cells of the immune system. We derived a list of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are functional in that they correlate with differential expression of genes in at least two of the databases. We tested the association of those SNPs with AIDS progression in two cohorts, GRIV and ACS. Tests on permuted phenotypes of the GRIV and ACS cohorts or on randomised sets of equivalent SNPs allowed us to assess the statistical robustness of this method and to estimate the true positive rate.Results
Eight genes were identified with high confidence (p = 0.001, rate of true positives 75%). Some of those genes had previously been linked with HIV infection. Notably, ENTPD4 belongs to the same family as CD39, whose expression has already been associated with AIDS progression; while DNAJB12 is part of the HSP90 pathway, which is involved in the control of HIV latency. Our study also drew our attention to lesser-known functions such as mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and a zinc finger protein, ZFP57, which could be central to the effectiveness of HIV infection. Interestingly, for six out of those eight genes, down-regulation is associated with non-progression, which makes them appealing targets to develop drugs against HIV. 相似文献63.
Farhat Khan Mike Porter Robert Schwenk Margot DeBot Philippe Saudan Sheetij Dutta 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum is a promising malaria vaccine target. RTS,S, the most advanced malaria vaccine candidate consists of the central NANP repeat and carboxy-terminal region of CSP displayed on a hepatitis B virus-like particle (VLP). To build upon the success of RTS,S, we produced a near full-length Plasmodium falciparum CSP that also includes the conserved amino-terminal region of CSP. We recently showed that this soluble CSP, combined with a synthetic Toll-like-receptor-4 (TLR4) agonist in stable oil-in-water emulsion (GLA/SE), induces a potent and protective immune response in mice against transgenic parasite challenge. Here we have investigated whether the immunogenicity of soluble CSP could be further augmented by presentation on a VLP. Bacteriophage Qβ VLPs can be readily produced in E.coli, they have a diameter of 25 nm and contain packaged E. coli RNA which serves as a built in adjuvant through the activation of TLR7/8. CSP was chemically conjugated to Qβ and the CSP-Qβ vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy were compared to adjuvanted soluble CSP in the C57Bl/6 mouse model. When formulated with adjuvants lacking a TLR4 agonist (Alum, SE and Montanide) the Qβ-CSP induced higher anti-NANP repeat titers, higher levels of cytophilic IgG2b/c antibodies and a trend towards higher protection against transgenic parasite challenge as compared to soluble CSP formulated in the same adjuvant. The VLP and soluble CSP immunogenicity difference was most pronounced at low antigen dose, and within the CSP molecule, the titers against the NANP repeats were preferentially enhanced by Qβ presentation. While a TLR4 agonist enhanced the immunogenicity of soluble CSP to levels comparable to the VLP vaccine, the TLR4 agonist did not further improve the immunogenicity of the Qβ-CSP vaccine. The data presented here pave the way for further improvement in the Qβ conjugation chemistry and evaluation of both the Qβ-CSP and soluble CSP vaccines in the non-human primate model. 相似文献
64.
Dipeptidyl peptidases III (DPPs III) form a distinct metallopeptidase family characterized by the unique HEXXGH motif. High susceptibility to inactivation by organomercurials suggests the presence of a reactive cysteine residue(s) in, or close to, their active site. Yeast DPP III contains five Cys, none of which is absolutely conserved within the family. In order to identify reactive residue(s), site-directed mutagenesis on yeast His6-tagged DPP III was employed to substitute specifically all five cysteine residues to serine. The variant enzymes thus obtained were enzymatically active and showed an overall structure not greatly affected by the mutations as judged by circular dichroism. Analysis by native and SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions revealed the existence of a monomeric and dimeric form in all DPP III proteins except in the C130S, implying that dimerization of yeast DPP III is mediated by the surface-exposed cysteine 130. 相似文献
65.
Robert W. Schwenk Graham P. Holloway Joost J.F.P. Luiken Arend Bonen Jan F.C. Glatz 《Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids》2010,82(4-6):149-154
Transport of long-chain fatty acids across the cell membrane has long been thought to occur by passive diffusion. However, in recent years there has been a fundamental shift in understanding, and it is now generally recognized that fatty acids cross the cell membrane via a protein-mediated mechanism. Membrane-associated fatty acid-binding proteins (‘fatty acid transporters’) not only facilitate but also regulate cellular fatty acid uptake, for instance through their inducible rapid (and reversible) translocation from intracellular storage pools to the cell membrane. A number of fatty acid transporters have been identified, including CD36, plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm), and a family of fatty acid transport proteins (FATP1–6). Fatty acid transporters are also implicated in metabolic disease, such as insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. In this report we briefly review current understanding of the mechanism of transmembrane fatty acid transport, and the function of fatty acid transporters in healthy cardiac and skeletal muscle, and in insulin resistance/type-2 diabetes. Fatty acid transporters hold promise as a future target to rectify lipid fluxes in the body and regain metabolic homeostasis. 相似文献
66.
Proteomic changes in maize roots after short-term adjustment to saline growth conditions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
It is of fundamental importance to understand adaptation processes leading to salt resistance. The initial effects on maize roots in the first hour after the adjustment to saline conditions were monitored to elucidate initial responses. The subsequent proteome change was monitored using a 2‐D proteomic approach. We found several new salt‐inducible proteins, whose expression has not been previously reported to be modulated by salt. A set of phosphoproteins in maize was detected but only ten proteins were phosphorylated and six proteins were dephosphorylated after the application of 25 mM NaCl for 1 h. Some of the phosphorylated maize proteins such as fructokinase, UDP‐glucosyl transferase BX9, and 2‐Cys‐peroxyredoxine were enhanced, whereas an isocitrate‐dehydrogenase, calmodulin, maturase, and a 40‐S‐ribosomal protein were dephosphorylated after adjustment to saline conditions. The initial reaction of the proteome and phosphoproteome of maize after adjustment to saline conditions reveals members of sugar signalling and cell signalling pathways such as calmodulin, and gave hint to a transduction chain which is involved in NaCl‐induced signalling. An alteration of 14‐3‐3 proteins as detected may change plasma membrane ATPase activity and cell wall growth regulators such as xyloglucane endotransglycosylase were also found to be changed immediately after the adjustment to salt stress. 相似文献
67.
Mochida GH Ganesh VS Felie JM Gleason D Hill RS Clapham KR Rakiec D Tan WH Akawi N Al-Saffar M Partlow JN Tinschert S Barkovich AJ Ali B Al-Gazali L Walsh CA 《American journal of human genetics》2010,87(6):882-889
The tight junction, or zonula occludens, is a specialized cell-cell junction that regulates epithelial and endothelial permeability, and it is an essential component of the blood-brain barrier in the cerebrovascular endothelium. In addition to functioning as a diffusion barrier, tight junctions are also involved in signal transduction. In this study, we identified a homozygous mutation in the tight-junction protein gene JAM3 in a large consanguineous family from the United Arab Emirates. Some members of this family had a rare autosomal-recessive syndrome characterized by severe hemorrhagic destruction of the brain, subependymal calcification, and congenital cataracts. Their clinical presentation overlaps with some reported cases of pseudo-TORCH syndrome as well as with cases involving mutations in occludin, another component of the tight-junction complex. However, massive intracranial hemorrhage distinguishes these patients from others. Homozygosity mapping identified the disease locus in this family on chromosome 11q25 with a maximum multipoint LOD score of 6.15. Sequence analysis of genes in the candidate interval uncovered a mutation in the canonical splice-donor site of intron 5 of JAM3. RT-PCR analysis of a patient lymphoblast cell line confirmed abnormal splicing, leading to a frameshift mutation with early termination. JAM3 is known to be present in vascular endothelium, although its roles in cerebral vasculature have not been implicated. Our results suggest that JAM3 is essential for maintaining the integrity of the cerebrovascular endothelium as well as for normal lens development in humans. 相似文献
68.
69.
Carbon dioxide exchange and canopy conductance of two coniferous forests under various sky conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sky conditions play an important role in the Earth’s climate system and CO2 uptake by plants. We used eddy covariance and meteorological data, including global and diffuse photosynthetic photon flux
density (PPFD), recorded over the 2008 and 2009 growing season at two Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] forest sites in northern Britain, in order to establish relationships between physiological properties under diverse sky
conditions, i.e. (1) sunny, (2) cloudy, and (3) overcast, and several canopy activity-related properties. These properties
are: (1) response to PPFD, (2) photosynthetic light use efficiency, and (3) canopy stomatal conductance. We found that Sitka
spruce forests utilise PPFD in a more efficient way when solar radiation is dominated by diffuse radiation. Furthermore, our
results show that diffuse radiation enhances canopy stomatal conductance, an effect which may be the result of both blue light
enrichment within the canopy and the reduction in vapour pressure deficit during cloudy and overcast weather. Diffuse radiation
does not only influence short-term (hourly, daily, monthly) canopy activity but also long-term forest growth. 相似文献
70.
Namrata Singh Trang T. M. Dang Georgina V. Vergara Dev Mani Pandey Darlene Sanchez C. N. Neeraja Endang M. Septiningsih Merlyn Mendioro Evelyn Mae Tecson-Mendoza Abdelbagi M. Ismail David J. Mackill Sigrid Heuer 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2010,121(8):1441-1453