Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Fast Electron Beams during a Disruption in the T-10 Tokamak

Plasma Physics Reports - Results are presented from experimental studies of fast electrons in modes with disruption instability in the T-10 tokamak. The spatiotemporal dynamics of electron beams is...     

Derivation of the Macroscopic Intracellular Conductivity of Deformed Myocardium on the Basis of Microstructure Analysis

Biophysics - A model of changes in the intracellular conductivity of the myocardium due to its deformation was developed. Macroconductivities were derived using the microstructure-based model...     

Vibratory signals of two species of bugs from the family Coreidae (Heteroptera)

The vibratory signals of two species of Coreidae from Russia, Coreus marginatus L. and Spathocera laticornis Shill, are investigated; for Spathocera laticornis Shill. such signals are described for the first time. Oscilograms and sonograms of the vibratory signals are given.     

Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with better endothelial function: a cross sectional study

Background

Natural heterologous valved conduits with a diameter greater than 22 mm that can be used for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in adults are not commercially available. The purpose of this study was to measure by ultrasonography the maximum diameter of the distended jugular veins of horses and cattle, respectively, to identify a population of animals that would be suitable for post-mortem collection of jugular veins at sizes greater than 22 mm.

Methods

The study population included 60 Warmblood horses, 25 Freiberger horses, 20 Brown Swiss cows, and 20 Holstein cows (including 10 Holstein and 10 Red Holstein). The maximum cross-sectional diameter of the distended jugular veins was measured at a location half-way between the mandibular angle and the thoracic inlet. The thoracic circumference (heart girth length) was used as a surrogate of body size. The jugular vein diameters of the different populations were compared by analysis of variance and the association between heart girth length and jugular vein diameter was determined in each of the four study populations by linear regression analysis.

Results

There was considerable individual variation of jugular vein diameters within each of the four study populations. There was no statistically significant relationship between thoracic circumference and jugular vein diameter in any of the populations. The jugular vein diameters of Brown Swiss cows were significantly larger than those of any of the other populations. Warmblood horses had significantly larger jugular vein diameters compared to Freiberger horses.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that the production of bovine or equine xenografts with diameters of greater than 22 mm would be feasible. Differences between species and breeds need to be considered. However, prediction of the jugular vein diameter based on breed and heart girth length in an individual animal is inaccurate.