菊芋类金属硫蛋白基因htMT2的克隆及其表达特征分析

从菊芋 (HelianthustuberosusL .)块茎cDNA文库中得到了一个新的植物类金属硫蛋白基因htMT2的cDNA序列 ,全长 5 0 9bp ,包括 2 4 0bp的开放阅读框、6 2bp的 5′端非翻译区、2 0 7bp的 3′端非翻译区。通过PCR获得了 2个htMT2编码区的部分基因组片段htMTG_1及htMTG_2 ,长度分别为 986bp和 982bp。分析表明两个基因组片段均包含 3个外显子及 2个内含子 ,编码一个由 79个氨基酸残基组成的多肽 ,与从htMT2推测的多肽完全一致 ,该多肽具有植物类金属硫蛋白的典型结构特征 ,N端及C端结构域富含Cys ,分别具有 8个和 7个Cys残基 ,上述两个结构域被一个无Cys的中间区分开。Southern杂交结果表明 ,htMT2在菊芋基因组中以小基因家族的形式存在。Northern杂交结果表明htMT2在叶片、叶柄、茎及块茎中均有表达 ,在茎中有较高水平的表达 ,但在根中未检测到杂交信号。经Cu2 处理后 ,htMT2在茎中的表达量显著降低。与其他 2型金属硫蛋白的序列同源性比较及htMT2对金属离子处理的反应均表明 ,htMT2是一种新的植物类金属硫蛋白基因。     

通过转PSAG12—IPT基因培育延缓叶片衰老水稻

利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法将PSAG12 _IPT导入籼稻品种明恢 6 3。在获得的 6 1个独立的转基因植株中 ,有一些表现出叶片衰老显著延缓 ,对选择的两个纯合转基因株系的小区试验的结果显示 :(1)转基因植株倒三叶的持绿性极显著延长 ;(2 )两个纯合转基因株系比原品种的结实率极显著提高 ,株高极显著降低 ;(3)两个纯合转基因株系的有效穗数比原品种极显著或显著提高。     

Preface

Since the recent growth of molecular and genetic methods, and their implementation into organismic biology, zoology has been slowly regaining the importance it enjoyed until the late 1970's. Biologists are becoming increasingly aware that dynamic processes between molecules and proteins, the products of expressed genes, are relevant in the context of the whole organism's physiological status and behaviour. This modernization of organismic biology, however, has also resulted in more differentiation and diversity of methods within the disciplines that apply to the animal sciences. This increasing diversity within zoological disciplines was highlighted in the series of lectures held at our annual meeting in Halle in 2002.The highlight of the Halle meeting was undoubtedly the awarding of the Karl von Frisch Prize to F. G. Barth from Vienna University. Since Karl von Frisch's work few have so successfully exemplified the wealth of knowledge and insights that may be gained by applying modern methods, and convergent approaches from different disciplines to one single species. Barth's work focused on the wandering spiders Cupiennius. His lecture, “spider senses – technical perfection and biology” demonstrated to us the scientific power of a holistic approach.In the context of the behavioural studies of our colleagues at Halle University, Charlotte Helfrich-Förster presented a survey of “The circadian system of Drosphila melanogaster and its light input pattern”. Behavioural research on rhythms has its roots in Germany and enjoys a long tradition in zoology. As in many other disciplines, modern genetics opened up new and very fruitful insights into the subject.A greater understanding of the mechanisms of learning and memory is another field of research that has benefitted greatly from molecular biology. It has become a flourishing and expanding area of research, especially in invertebrate zoology. The current state of research, from a neurobiological and molecular point of view, was presented in three lectures, including one by Uli Müller, of the Berlin School. Cognition in audition, a still emerging field, was introduced to us in Bernhard Gaese's lecture on “Precognitive and cognitive elements in sound localization”. In the future, auditory cognition will surely become a Dorado for neurobiologists and acoustic psychologists. Susan D. Healy connected cognition with ecological constraints in her talk “Animal learning and memory: an integration of cognition and ecology”. She argued that cognitive performances can only be explained in the context of species-specific behaviours and ecology. “Cognitive ecology”, as it may be termed, is an emerging and genuinely zoological field of research that will have an important impact on our understanding of evolution. It's challenges will require highly motivated young zoologists.Research on species diversity takes a different approach to the subject of evolution and diversity, investigating the preconditions for speciation processes, and evolutionary trends and mechanisms. Unfortunately the fauna of soils is rarely considered, in spite of its great importance to ecological conditions. Richard Bagdett made up for this neglect in his lecture on the “Causes and consequences of biological diversity in soil”, and Bernhard Misof reported on speciation processes in Anisoptera.“Classical” physiology is still the backbone of organismic research. Modern versions of two very different topics were presented in Halle. Stephan Huber reported on the “Development of renal function”, and Fritz-Olaf Lehmann presented a new and convincing concept of aerodynamics and energetics in insect flight. His research continues the worthwhile tradition of flight analysis founded by Werner Nachtigall.The topics of our annual meeting in Halle could hardly have been more diverse. However, it is this the very diversity of modern and productive research field in zoology that characterizes a promising and fascinating future. In zoology, more than in any other biological discipline, exciting problems relevant to the understanding of evolution and its mechanisms are waiting to be solved by young scientists. Zoology has again become a start-up enterprise with promising rewards.     

长江三峡地区上震旦统稳定同位素异常及地层意义

三峡地区广泛发育的上震旦统,及下伏的南沱组和古城组冰碛层,有良好的生物地层控制及全球对比意义。新秭归城附近的雾河剖面,自南沱组顶部到水井沱组下部出露有利于化学地层学研究的一系列碳酸盐岩沉积,对这一剖面的碳,氧,锶同位素研究发现：1）碳,锶和氧同位素在陡山沱组顶部到灯影组底部存在明显异常;2）碳同位素在寒武系-前寒武系界线附近有负异常;3）碳同位素和锶同位素在剖面上的演化具有全球对比意义;4）陡山沱组顶部到灯影组底部的碳,锶同位素异常,与可能存在末远古纪的冰期,即所谓的“后Marinoan冰期”有关。     

Selection responses for the number of fertile eggs of the Brown Tsaiya duck (Anas platyrhynchos) after a single artificial insemination with pooled Muscovy (Cairina moschata) semen

A seven-generation selection experiment comprising a selected (S) and a control (C) line was conducted with the objective of increasing the number of fertile eggs (F) of the Brown Tsaiya duck after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Both lines consisted of about 20 males and 60 females since parents in each generation and each female duck was tested 3 times, at 26, 29 and 32 weeks of age. The fertile eggs were measured by candling at day 7 of incubation. The selection criterion in the S line was the BLUP animal model value for F. On average, 24.7% of the females and 15% of the males were selected. The direct responses to the selection for F, and correlated responses for the number of eggs set (Ie), the number of total dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) were measured by studying the differences across the generations of selection between the phenotypic value averages in the S and C lines. The predicted genetic responses were calculated by studying the differences between the S and C lines in averaged values of five traits of the BLUP animal model. The selection responses and the predicted responses showed similar trends. There was no genetic change for Ie. After seven generations of selection, the average selection responses per generation were 0.40, 0.33, 0.42, 0.41 genetic standard deviation units for F, M, Dm, and H respectively. Embryo viability was not impaired by this selection. For days 2–8 after AI, the fertility rates (F/Ie) were 89.2% and 63.8%, the hatchability rates (H/F) were 72.5% and 70.6%, and (H/Ie) were 64.7% and 45.1% in the S and C lines respectively. It was concluded that upward selection on the number of fertile eggs after a single AI with pooled Muscovy semen may be effective in ducks to increase the duration of the fertile period and the fertility and hatchability rates with AI once a week instead of twice a week.     

表土孢粉模拟的中国生物群区

根据中国第四纪孢粉数据库提供的 6 41个表土孢粉资料 ,利用孢粉生物群区化方法 ,建立了具有 6 86个孢粉类群、31类植物功能型和 14种生物群区的孢粉生物群区化模型。经过检验 ,该模型在模拟中国生物群区、生物群区垂直分异和水平梯度分析方面均取得理想结果。模型已实现了计算机程序化 ,为重建过去地质历史时期的古生物群区和古气候分析 ,提供客观、准确的模型工具。     

Rat liver microsomal enzyme catalyzed oxidation of 4-phenyl-trans-1-(2-phenylcyclopropyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.

As part of our ongoing studies to characterize the catalytic pathway(s) for the monoamine oxidase and cytochrome P450 catalyzed oxidations of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl derivatives, we have examined the metabolic fate of 4-phenyl-trans-1-(2-phenylcyclopropyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in NADPH supplemented rat liver microsomes. Three metabolic pathways have been identified: (1) allylic ring alpha-carbon oxidation to yield the dihydropyridinium species, (2) nitrogen oxidation to yield the N-oxide and (3) N-dealkylation to yield 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and cinnamaldehyde. A possible mechanism to account for the formation of cinnamaldehye involves an initial single electron transfer from the nitrogen lone pair to the iron oxo system Fe(+3)(O) to form the corresponding cyclopropylaminyl radical cation that will be processed further to the final products. The reaction pathway leading to the dihydropyridinium metabolite may also proceed via the same radical cation intermediate but direct experimental evidence to this effect remains to be obtained.     

围隔生态系内浮游植物对富磷的响应

在长江口外应用围隔生态系实验方法,研究了富磷与浮游植物生物量的相关性以及浮游植物对磷吸收的种间竞争。结果表明,可溶性磷(主要是PO     

白血病抑制因子与哺乳动物的胚胎着床(英文)

胚胎着床是处于活化状态的胚泡与处于接受态的子宫相互作用,最后导致胚胎滋养层与子宫内膜建立紧密联系的过程。已证实白血病抑制因子(LIF)在哺乳动物胚胎着床过程中起着十分重要的调节作用。LIF通过其受体及信号传递亚单位gp130发挥其生物学功能。LIF对胚胎发育到胚泡阶段及以后内细胞团和滋养层细胞的生长和分化有明显的促进作用。 在小鼠中,LIF及其受体和gp130在着床期小鼠子宫内表达量最高,因此LIF可能在小鼠胚胎着床过程中起重要作用。在人中,LIF在子宫内膜中的表达与人胚胎着床的时间一致,提示LIF可能与人的胚胎着床紧密相关。此外,LIF在猪、羊、水貂、兔和臭鼬等动物胚泡着床前和着床期的子宫中也都有表达,并在着床期出现峰值。因此,LIF也可能在这些动物的胚胎发育和着床过程中有重要作用。LIF受体基因敲除小鼠表现为胎盘发育不全,这说明LIF对小鼠胎盘形成和胎盘的功能维持起重要作用。 小鼠子宫中LIF的表达可能受雌激素而上调。美洲长尾猴(绒)及兔子宫中LIF的表达则呈孕酮依赖性。然而孕酮可抑制人着床期子宫内膜腺上皮和蜕膜组织内LIF的表达。在不同种类的动物中,LIF在子宫中的表达有不同的调节机制。 胚泡在LIF基因敲除的雌鼠子宫内不能着床的原因并不是由于胚泡发育异常,而是由于雌鼠不能表