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61.
A model of the carbohydrate recognition domain CRD, residues 111-245, of
hamster galectin-3 has been made using homology modeling and dynamics
minimization methods. The model is based on the known x-ray structures of
bovine galectin-1 and human galectin-2. The oligosaccharides
NeuNAc-alpha2,3-Gal-beta1,4-Glc and GalNAc-alpha1, 3-
[Fuc-alpha1,2]-Gal-beta1,4-Glc, known to be specific high-affinity ligands
for galectin-3, as well as lactose recognized by all galectins were docked
in the galectin-3 CRD model structure and a minimized binding conformation
found in each case. These studies indicate a putative extended
carbohydrate-binding subsite in the hamster galectin- 3 involving Arg139,
Glu230, and Ser232 for NeuNAc-alpha2,3-; Arg139 and Glu160 for
fucose-alpha1,2-; and Arg139 and Ile141 for GalNAc-alpha1,3- substituents
on the primary galactose. Each of these positions is variable within the
whole galectin family. Two of these residues, Arg139 and Ser232, were
selected for mutagenesis to probe their importance in this newly identified
putative subsite. Residue 139 adopts main-chain dihedral angles
characteristic of an isolated bridge structural feature, while residue 232
is the C-terminal residue of beta- strand-11, and is followed immediately
by an inverse gamma-turn. A systematic series of mutant proteins have been
prepared to represent the residue variation present in the aligned
sequences of galectins-1, - 2, and -3. Minimized docked models were
generated for each mutant in complex with NeuNAc-alpha2,3-Gal-beta1,4-Glc,
GalNAc-alpha1, 3-[Fuc- alpha1,2]-Gal-beta1,4- Glc, and Gal-beta1,4-Glc.
Correlation of the computed protein-carbohydrate interaction energies for
each lectin- oligosaccharide pair with the experimentally determined
binding affinities for fetuin and asialofetuin or the relative potencies of
lactose and sialyllactose in inhibiting binding to asiolofetuin is
consistent with the postulated key importance of Arg139 in recognition of
the extended sialylated ligand.
相似文献
62.
Angela Chiavegato Marta Scatena Marleen Roelofs Paolo Ferrarese Paolo Pauletto Giacomo Passerini-Glazel Francesco Pagano Saverio Sartore 《Experimental cell research》1993,207(2)
The differentiation patterns of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in rabbit bladder during development and in the hypertrophic response to partial outflow obstruction induced in adult animals were evaluated by biochemical and immunochemical techniques and by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for desmin, vimentin, α-actin of smooth muscle (SM) type, SM myosin, and nonmuscle (NM) myosin isoforms. Desmin and SM α-actin were homogeneously distributed in SMC of developing, adult, and obstructed bladders. Conversely, marked changes in the ratio and antigenicity of SM myosin isoforms were observed by SDS electrophoresis and Western blotting, respectively. In particular, the 205 K (SM1) isoform was down-regulated with development whereas the 200 K (SM2) isoform was up-regulated around 7 days after birth and down-regulated in the obstructed bladder. Vimentin was expressed in SMC of the fetal bladder and declined markedly during postnatal, physiological hypertrophy of SMC, which occurs concomitantly with diminution of DNA synthesis. This polypeptide became detectable, however, in SMC of obstructed bladders. The 196 K (NM) myosin isoform recognized by NM-A9 antibody, present only in endothelium of blood vessels and in mucosa of normal fetal and adult bladders, became expressed in detrusor muscle, when SMC underwent a process of pathological hypertrophy. The reexpression of vimentin and the de novo appearance of NM myosin isoform in hypertrophic bladders can be reversed when the tissue mass is reduced, such as in bladders after 1-month recovery from partial obstruction. Thus, a specific NM myosin isoform can be used as a marker of SMC hypertrophy in obstructed bladder. In addition, the combined use of anti-vimentin and NM-A9 antibodies can distinguish between SMC which are in the physiological or in the pathological condition of adaptive bladder hypertrophy. 相似文献
63.
64.
Java language has been demonstrated to be an effective tool in supporting medical image viewing in Russia. This evaluation was completed by obtaining a maximum of 20 images, depending on the client's computer workstation from one patient using a commercially available computer tomography (CT) scanner. The images were compared against standard CT images that were viewed at the site of capture. There was no appreciable difference. The client side is a lightweight component that provides an intuitive interface for end users. Each image is loaded in its own thread and the user can begin work after the first image has been loaded. This feature is especially useful on slow connection speed, 9.6 Kbps for example. The server side, which is implemented by the Java Servlet Engine works more effective than common gateway interface (CGI) programs do. Advantages of the Java Technology place this program on the next level of application development. This paper presents a unique application of Java in telemedicine. 相似文献
65.
Valenti MT Azzarello G Balducci E Sartore S Sandri M Manconi R Sicari U Bari M Vinante O 《The Histochemical journal》2001,33(9-10):499-509
We studied the effect of conditioned medium (CM) obtained from cultures of oestrogen-receptor positive breast cancer MCF7 cell line on the differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis patterns of cultured breast fibroblasts from normal interstitial and malignant stromal tissue. Fibroblasts were grown in the presence or absence of CM and examined for the differentiation pattern by immunofluorescence and Western blotting procedures, for proliferation profile by Ki67 expression, and for apoptosis by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling technique. Monoclonal antibodies specific for non-muscle (NM), smooth muscle (SM) lineage and differentiation markers were applied to these cultures. CM is able to induce a SM-like differentiation in interstitial fibroblasts, i.e., essentially myofibroblast formation. Fibroblasts from tumour stroma showed the presence of a small number of smooth muscle cells (SMC) along with a large number of myofibroblasts. Treatment of these cultures with CM was unable to change this pattern. Only normal fibroblasts were responsive to the proliferation/apoptotic-inhibitory effect of the CM. These data suggest that structural and functional differences exist between stromal fibroblasts from normal breast and breast cancer with respect to the responsiveness to soluble factors present in the CM. We hypothesize that the lack of in vitro sensitivity to CM shown by 'tumour' fibroblasts is the result of an in vivo inherent and stable phenotypic change on the fibroblasts surrounding breast tumour cells occurring via a paracrine mechanism. 相似文献
66.
Elisangela F Silva Mariana Orsi ?ngela L Andrade Rosana Z Domingues Breno M Silva Helena RC de Araújo Paulo FP Pimenta Michael S Diamond Eliseu SO Rocha Erna G Kroon Luiz CC Malaquias Luiz FL Coelho 《Journal of nanobiotechnology》2012,10(1):1-5
Background
Dengue is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Infection with a single Dengue virus (DENV) serotype causes a mild, self-limiting febrile illness called dengue fever. However, a subset of patients experiencing secondary infection with a different serotype progresses to the severe form of the disease, dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat dengue infections. Biodegradable nanoparticles coated with proteins represent a promising method for in vivo delivery of vaccines.Findings
Here, we used a murine model to evaluate the IgG production after administration of inactivated DENV corresponding to all four serotypes adsorbed to bovine serum albumin nanoparticles. This formulation induced a production of anti-DENV IgG antibodies (p < 0.001). However, plaque reduction neutralization assays with the four DENV serotypes revealed that these antibodies have no neutralizing activity in the dilutions tested.Conclusions
Our results show that while the nanoparticle system induces humoral responses against DENV, further investigation with different DENV antigens will be required to improve immunogenicity, epitope specicity, and functional activity to make this platform a viable option for DENV vaccines. 相似文献67.
68.
Shaun A Tauck Jesse R Olsen Jarrod RC Wilkinson Riley J Wedlake Kathleen C Davis James G Berardinelli 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2010,8(1):89
Background
The physiological mechanism by which bulls stimulate resumption of ovarian cycling activity in postpartum, anovular, suckled cows after calving may involve the concurrent activation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian (HPO) axis and hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal (HPA) axis. Thus, the objectives of this experiment were to determine if characteristics of temporal patterns of cortisol and luteinizing hormone (LH) in postpartum, anovular, beef cows are influenced by acute exposure to bulls. The null hypotheses were that daily, temporal characteristics of cortisol and LH concentration patterns do not differ between cows exposed acutely to bulls or steers. 相似文献69.
Alasaad S Soglia D Maione S Sartore S Soriguer RC Pérez JM Rasero R Rossi L 《Experimental & applied acarology》2009,47(2):173-178
The aim of the present study was to assess whether individual Sarcoptes mites collected from frozen skin (‘postponed isolation’ method) are suitable sources of PCR-quality genomic DNA, and to test
the effectiveness of this method in comparison with the ‘direct isolation’ method, often used through force of habit. Hundreds
of single Sarcoptes scabiei samples, resulting from direct (live) or postponed (post-frozen) isolation, were tested using a ~450 bp product (ITS-2) and
multi-locus 10× genotyping with microsatellite markers. No statistical difference in yield of soluble DNA was found between
the two isolation methods. Nevertheless, 19% of the reactions were classified as failed preparations in the direct isolation
method, whereas the rate of unsuccessful reactions was 34% in the postponed isolation method. Consequently, post-frozen isolation
is suitable and recommendable for Sarcoptes mite gDNA preparation, particularly when performing a balancing act among safety, practicability and profitability. These
results have implications for mite collection for DNA extraction, and hence the needed wider leap of Sarcoptes into the genetic era. 相似文献
70.