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31.
Natália H Mendes Fernando AF Melo Adolfo CB Santos José RC Pandolfi Elisabete A Almeida Rosilene F Cardoso Henri Berghs Suzana David Faber K Johansen Lívia G Espanha Sergio RA Leite Clarice QF Leite 《BMC research notes》2011,4(1):269
Background
Tuberculosis is a major health problem in São Paulo, Brazil, which is the most populous and one of the most cosmopolitan cities in South America. To characterize the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the population of this city, the genotyping techniques of spoligotyping and MIRU were applied to 93 isolates collected in two consecutive years from 93 different tuberculosis patients residing in São Paulo city and attending the Clemente Ferreira Institute (the reference clinic for the treatment of tuberculosis).Findings
Spoligotyping generated 53 different spoligotype patterns. Fifty-one isolates (54.8%) were grouped into 13 spoligotyping clusters. Seventy- two strains (77.4%) showed spoligotypes described in the international databases (SpolDB4, SITVIT), and 21 (22.6%) showed unidentified patterns. The most frequent spoligotype families were Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) (26 isolates), followed by the T family (24 isolates) and Haarlem (H) (11 isolates), which together accounted for 65.4% of all the isolates. These three families represent the major genotypes found in Africa, Central America, South America and Europe. Six Spoligo-International-types (designated SITs by the database) comprised 51.8% (37/72) of all the identified spoligotypes (SIT53, SIT50, SIT42, SIT60, SIT17 and SIT1). Other SITs found in this study indicated the great genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis, reflecting the remarkable ethnic diversity of São Paulo city inhabitants. The MIRU technique was more discriminatory and did not identify any genetic clusters with 100% similarity among the 93 isolates. The allelic analysis showed that MIRU loci 26, 40, 23 and 10 were the most discriminatory. When MIRU and spoligotyping techniques were combined, all isolates grouped in the 13 spoligotyping clusters were separated.Conclusions
Our data indicated the genomic stability of over 50% of spoligotypes identified in São Paulo and the great genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis isolates in the remaining SITs, reflecting the large ethnic mix of the São Paulo city inhabitants. The results also indicated that in this city, M. tuberculosis isolates acquired drug resistance independently of genotype and that resistance was more dependent on the selective pressure of treatment failure and the environmental circumstances of patients.32.
Sartore RC Campos PB Trujillo CA Ramalho BL Negraes PD Paulsen BS Meletti T Costa ES Chicaybam L Bonamino MH Ulrich H Rehen SK 《PloS one》2011,6(6):e20667
The existence of loss and gain of chromosomes, known as aneuploidy, has been previously described within the central nervous system. During development, at least one-third of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are aneuploid. Notably, aneuploid NPCs may survive and functionally integrate into the mature neural circuitry. Given the unanswered significance of this phenomenon, we tested the hypothesis that neural differentiation induced by all-trans retinoic acid (RA) in pluripotent stem cells is accompanied by increased levels of aneuploidy, as previously described for cortical NPCs in vivo. In this work we used embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells undergoing differentiation into NPCs. Ploidy analysis revealed a 2-fold increase in the rate of aneuploidy, with the prevalence of chromosome loss in RA primed stem cells when compared to naïve cells. In an attempt to understand the basis of neurogenic aneuploidy, micronuclei formation and survivin expression was assessed in pluripotent stem cells exposed to RA. RA increased micronuclei occurrence by almost 2-fold while decreased survivin expression by 50%, indicating possible mechanisms by which stem cells lose their chromosomes during neural differentiation. DNA fragmentation analysis demonstrated no increase in apoptosis on embryoid bodies treated with RA, indicating that cell death is not the mandatory fate of aneuploid NPCs derived from pluripotent cells. In order to exclude that the increase in aneuploidy was a spurious consequence of RA treatment, not related to neurogenesis, mouse embryonic fibroblasts were treated with RA under the same conditions and no alterations in chromosome gain or loss were observed. These findings indicate a correlation amongst neural differentiation, aneuploidy, micronuclei formation and survivin downregulation in pluripotent stem cells exposed to RA, providing evidence that somatically generated chromosomal variation accompanies neurogenesis in vitro. 相似文献
33.
34.
de Souza FR Maione S Sartore S Soglia D Spalenza V Cauvin E Martelli LR Mercadante ME Sacchi P de Albuquerque LG Rasero R 《Molecular biology reports》2012,39(2):1541-1549
The objective of this study was to describe the VNTR polymorphism of the mucin 1 gene (MUC1) in three Nelore lines selected for yearling weight to determine whether allele and genotype frequencies of this polymorphism were affected by selection for growth. In addition, the effects of the polymorphism on growth and carcass traits were evaluated. Birth, weaning and yearling weights, rump height, Longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, and rump fat thickness, were analyzed. A total of 295 Nelore heifers from the Beef Cattle Research Center, Instituto de Zootecnia de Sert?ozinho, were used, including 41 of the control line, 102 of the selection line and 152 of the traditional. The selection and traditional lines comprise animals selected for higher yearling weight, whereas control line animals are selected for yearling weight close to the average. Five alleles were identified, with allele 1 being the most frequent in the three lines, especially in the lines selected for higher means for yearling weight. Heterozygosity was significantly higher in the control line. Association analyses showed significant effects of allele 1 on birth weight and weaning weight while the allele 3 exert significant effects on yearling weight and back fat thickness. Despite these findings, application of this marker to marker-assisted selection requires more consistent results based on the genotyping of a larger number of animals in order to increase the accuracy of the statistical analyses. 相似文献
35.
A C Borrione A M Zanellato L Giuriato G Scannapieco P Pauletto S Sartore 《Experimental cell research》1990,190(1):1-10
A panel of monoclonal antibodies, specific for human platelet (NM-A9, NM-F6, and NM-G2) and for bovine smooth muscle (SM-E7) myosin heavy chains (MHC), were used to study the composition and the distribution of myosin isoforms in bovine endothelial cells (EC), in vivo and in vitro. Using indirect and double immunofluorescence techniques, we have found that in the intact aortic endothelium there is expression of nonmuscle MHC (NM-MHC), exclusively. By contrast, hepatic sinusoidal endothelium as well as cultured bovine aortic EC (BAEC) in the subconfluent phase of growth show coexistence of NM- and smooth muscle MHC (SM-MHC) isoforms. SM myosin immunoreactivity disappears when cultured BAEC become confluent. In this phase of cell growth, NM-MHC isoforms are localized differently within the cells, i.e., in the cytoplasm around the nucleus or in the cortical, submembranous region of EC cytoplasm. A third type of intracellular distribution of NM-MHC immunoreactivity was evident in the cell periphery of binucleated, confluent BAEC. These data indicate that (1) several myosin isoforms are differently distributed in bovine endothelia; and (2) SM myosin expression and the specific subcellular localization of NM myosin isoforms within EC might be regulated by cell-cell interactions. 相似文献
36.
H?Bukulmez AL?Matthews CM?Sullivan C?Chen MJ?Kraay RC?Elston RW?Moskowitz VM?Goldberg ML?WarmanEmail author 《Arthritis research & therapy》2005,8(1):R25
In order to determine whether there is a genetic component to hip or knee joint failure due to idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA),
we invited patients (probands) undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty for management of idiopathic OA to provide detailed family
histories regarding the prevalence of idiopathic OA requiring joint replacement in their siblings. We also invited their spouses
to provide detailed family histories about their siblings to serve as a control group. In the probands, we confirmed the diagnosis
of idiopathic OA using American College of Rheumatology criteria. The cohorts included the siblings of 635 probands undergoing
total hip replacement, the siblings of 486 probands undergoing total knee replacement, and the siblings of 787 spouses. We
compared the prevalence of arthroplasty for idiopathic OA among the siblings of the probands with that among the siblings
of the spouses, and we used logistic regression to identify independent risk factors for hip and knee arthroplasty in the
siblings. Familial aggregation for hip arthroplasty, but not for knee arthroplasty, was observed after controlling for age
and sex, suggesting a genetic contribution to end-stage hip OA but not to end-stage knee OA. We conclude that attempts to
identify genes that predispose to idiopathic OA resulting in joint failure are more likely to be successful in patients with
hip OA than in those with knee OA. 相似文献
37.
38.
Studies of esterase 6 in Drosophila melanogaster. XVIII. Biochemical differences between the slow and fast allozymes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Most natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster are polymorphic for two
major electrophoretic variants at the esterase-6 locus. The frequency of
the EST 6F allozyme is greatest in populations in warmer latitudes, whereas
the EST 6S allozyme is predominant in colder latitudes. Latitudinal clines
in electromorph frequencies are found on three continents. Purified
preparations of the allozymes have been characterized for their pH optimum,
substrate specificity, organophosphate inhibition, alcohol activation,
thermal stability, and kinetic parameters. These and previous analyses of
the EST 6 allozymes reveal that the two variants have differences in their
physical and kinetic properties that may provide a basis for the selective
maintenance of the polymorphisms and an explanation of the clinal variation
observed in natural populations.
相似文献
39.
Luigi Faggian Francesca Pampinella Marleen Roelofs Tiziana Paulon Rafaella Franch Angela Chiavegato S. Sartore 《Histochemistry and cell biology》1997,109(1):25-39
We have studied the phenotypic changes in regenerating smooth muscle (SM) tissue of detrusor muscle after local application
of a necrotizing, freeze–thaw injury to the serosal surface of rabbit bladder. Bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and
immunofluorescence studies were performed on bladder cryosections from day 2 up to day 15 after surgery with monoclonal antibodies
specific for some cytoskeletal markers [desmin, vimentin, non-muscle (NM) myosin] and for SM-specific proteins (α-actin, myosin,
and SM22). Four days after lesion, some clls incorporated in regenerating SM bundles are BrdU positive, but all display a
phenotypic pattern identical to that of the interstitial, highly proliferating cells, i.e., expression of vimentin. By days
7–15 the differentiation profile of regenerating SM returns to that of uninjured SM tissue (appearance of desmin, SM-type
α-actin, and SM myosin). A chemical denervation achieved by 6-hydroxydopamine treatment for 2 weeks induces the formation
of vimentin/SM α-actin/NM myosin/SM22-containing myofibroblasts in the interstitial, fibroblast-like cells of uninjured bladder.
In the bladder wall, alteration of reinnervation during the regenerating SM process produces: (1) in the outer region, the
activation of vimentin/SM α-actin/desmin myofibroblasts in the de novo SM cell bundles; and (2) in the inner region of bladder,
including the muscularis mucosae, the formation of proliferating, fully differentiated SM cells peripherally to newly formed
SM cell bundles. These findings suggest that: (1) the de novo SM tissue formation in the bladder can occur via incorporation
of interstitial cells into growing SM bundles; and (2) the alteration of reinnervation during the regenerating process induces
a spatial-specific differentiation of interstitial myofibroblasts in SM cells before SM cell bundling.
Accepted: 14 May 1997 相似文献
40.
A Jain M Sundriyal S Roshnibala R Kotoky PB Kanjilal HB Singh RC Sundriyal 《Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine》2011,7(1):29