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Jürg Hüsler PD Dr. 《Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift》1987,29(4):423-428
The binomial test is applied for the problem of testing a hypothesis based on a sample of independent, but non-identically distributed random variables. The used basic idea is that each random variable indicates the presence of the hypothesis. Hence each random variable is transformed such that the binomial test can be used as a simple procedure. 相似文献
65.
All hematological malignancies are characterized by considerable clinical heterogeneity. The diverse entities can be subdivided into a variety of prognosis-defining subtypes on the basis of cytogenetic aberrations and molecular mutations. To adapt the intensity of treatment to the patient’s individual risk profile, an exact classification of the subtypes on the basis of genetic markers is essential. Diverse fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques thereby play a central role in interaction with classic chromosome banding analyses for clarifying findings of chromosome analyses, such as in the acute leukemias, or for classifying the diverse subtypes, as in the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Depending on the disease, the clinical impact of FISH varies. It is used as the method of choice for genetic characterization (e.g., in multiple myeloma) or is used in combination with chromosome banding analysis. Furthermore, interphase FISH is essential when rapid confirmation of the diagnosis is needed, as in acute promyelocytic leukemia with the t(15;17)/PML-RARA rearrangement, for which therapy with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) should be immediately started. 相似文献
66.
Modern noninvasive methods of prenatal medicine, in particular first-trimester-screening, enable early risk evaluation of the most common forms of aneuploidy. With over 4000 certified gynecologists in Germany, this method nowadays represents the standard in prenatal risk evaluation. The importance of classic genetic sonography during the second trimester by detection of soft markers for aneuploidy has declined. However, detailed sonography during the second trimester remains the gold standard for the detection of congenital anomalies. Therefore, the specialist in prenatal medicine must be able to recognize soft markers during this examination in order to re-evaluate the maternal risk for aneuploidy. 相似文献
67.
As opposed to the common, genetically complex types of migraine, there are a few rare monogenic migraine variants. The prototype is familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), a severe subtype of migraine with aura, for which three causative genes (FHM1–3), all of which are involved in ion translocation in the CNS, have been identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the clinical symptomatology, (differential) diagnosis, treatment, genetics, and pathophysiology of FHM. Clinically and genetically overlapping disorders, such as episodic ataxia type 2 (EA-2), spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA-6) and alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) are briefly discussed, and novel genes which have been occasionally associated with HM or migraine are critically evaluated. Finally, monogenic (vascular) syndromes, in which migraine is part of the phenotypic spectrum, are discussed. 相似文献
68.
Prof. Dr. Gerd Flajs Dipl.-Geol. Manfred Vigener Prof. Dr. Helmut Keupp Prof. Dr. Dieter Meischner Dipl.-Geol. Fritz Neuweiler PD Dr. Josef Paul Prof. Dr. Joachim Reitner Dr. Klaus Warnke PD Dr. Helmut Weller Dipl.-Geol. Patrick Dingle Dipl.-Geol. Christian Hensen Prof. Dr. Priska Schäfer Dr. Pascale Gautret Prof. Dr. Reinhold R. Leinfelder PD Dr. Hansmartin Hüssner Dipl.-Geol. Bernd Kaufmann 《Facies》1995,32(1):1-69
Summary This research report contains nine case studies (part II to X) dealing with Palaeozoic and Mesozoic mud mounds, microbial
reefs, and modern zones of active micrite production, and two parts (I and XI) summarizing the major questions and results.
The formation of different types ofin situ formed micrites (automicrites) in close association with siliceous sponges is documented in Devonian, Carboniferous, Triassic,
Jurassic and Cretaceous mounds and suggests a common origin with a modern facies found within reef caves. Processes involved
in the formation of autochthonous micrites comprise: (i) calcifying mucus enriched in Asp and Glu, this type presumably is
linked to the formation of stromatolites, thrombolites and massive fabrics; (ii) protein-rich substances within confined spaces
(e.g. microcavities) result in peloidal pockets, peloidal coatings and peloidal stromatolites, and (iii) decay of sponge soft
tissues, presumably enriched with symbiotic bacteria, lead to the micropeloidal preservation of parts of former sponge bodies.
As a consequence, there is strong evidence that the primary production of micrite in place represents the initial cause for
buildup development. The mode of precipitation corresponds to biologically-induced, matrix-mediated mineralization which results
in high-Mg-calcites, isotopically balanced with inorganic cements or equilibrium skeletal carbonates, respectively. If distinct
automicritic fabrics are absent, the source or origin of micrite remains questionable. However, the co-occurring identifiable
components are inadequate, by quantity and physiology, to explain the enhanced accumulation of fine-grained calcium carbonate.
The stromatolite reefs from the Permian Zechstein Basin are regarded as reminiscent of ancestral (Precambrian) reef facies,
considered the precursor of automicrite/sponge buildups. Automicrite/sponge buildups represent the basic Phanerozoic reef
type. Analogous facies are still present within modern cryptic reef habitats, where the biocalcifying carbonate factory is
restricted in space. 相似文献
69.
Evolutionary relationships among the male and female mitochondrial DNA lineages in the Mytilus edulis species complex 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A novel form of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance has previously been
documented for the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). Female mussels inherit
their mtDNA solely from their mother while males inherit mtDNA from both
their mother and their father. In males, the paternal mtDNA is
preferentially amplified so that the male gonad is highly enriched for the
paternal mtDNA that is then transmitted from fathers to sons. We
demonstrate that this mode of mtDNA inheritance also operates in the
closely related species M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus. The
evolutionary relationship between the male and female mtDNA lineages is
estimated by phylogenetic analysis of 455 nucleotides from the large
subunit ribosomal RNA gene. We have found that the male and female lineages
are highly divergent; the divergence of these lineages began prior to the
speciation of the three species of blue mussels. Further, the separation
between the male and female lineages is estimated to have occurred between
5.3 and 5.7 MYA.
相似文献
70.
PD Dr. Pio Fioroni 《Zoomorphology》1970,67(3):263-306
The present study of the development of the different organs of the gut, the vitellophags (primary yolk cells) and the other cell-types concerned with the resorption of the yolk gives the first detailed analysis of an Anomuran development.
Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen in den Abbilduugen A 1 1. Antenne - A 2 2. Antenne - Ab Abdomen - Au Auge - B Blastoderm - Bb Blastodermbildung - Bl Blutlakunensystem - Bm Blastomer (Furchungszelle) - Bp Blastoporus - BZ Blutzelle - Ca Cardiamagen - Cf Carapaxfalte - Cp Caudalpapille - DI Drüsenfilter (Magen) - zDk zentraler Dotterkörper - Do Dorsalorgan - pDp primare Dotterpyramide - tDp tertiare Dotterpyramide (Vitellophagenepithel) - DR Rest des intraembryonalen Dottersackes - ieDS intraembryonaler Dottersack - bDv blastodermale Dottervakuole - sDZ sekunddre Dotterzelle - tDZ tertiare Dotterzelle - sE sekunddre Epithelialisierung (der Vitellophagen) - Ec Ectoderm - Ed Enddarm - Eh Eihiille (Chorion) - Ep Entodermplatte - Et Entodermtrichter - Ex Extremitdt (bsw. Extremitätenanlage) - Fsp Furchungsspindel (Teilungsspindel) - H Herz - ID Innendotter - Im Immigration (des Mesentoderms) - In Invagination (des Mesentoderms) - Ke Kern - KL Kopflappen (optischer Lobus) - KM Kaumuskulatur - L Darmlumen - M Mitose - Ma Magen - Md Mitteldarm - dMd dorsaler Mitteldarmdivertikel (dorsaler Mitteldarmblindsack) - Me Mesoderm - McEn Mesentoderm - Mddr Mitteldarmdrüse - Ml Mandibel - Mp 1 1. Maxilliped (1. Kieferfuß) - Mp 2 2. Maxilliped (2. Kieferfuß) - Mp 3 3. Maxilliped (3. Kieferfuß) - Mu Muskulatur - M1 1. Maxille - M2 2. Maxille - N Ganglien des Nervensystems - Ni Niere (Antennendrüse) - Oe Oesophagus - Ol Oberlippe - Pl Plasma - Py Pylorusmagen - Qv Querverbindung zwischen den Kopflappen - pR perivitelliner Raum - Seg Segment - Sf Sternalfurche - Sto Stomodaeum (Anlage des Vorderdarmes) - TA Thoracoabdominalanlage - Te Telson - Ul Urdarmlumen - V Vitellophage (primare Dotterzelle) - V 1 Vitellophage 1 (1. Vitellophagengeneration) - V 2 Vitellophage 2 (2. Vitellophagengeneration) - dV degenerierende Vitellophage - V intravitelline Vitellophage - IV Initialvitellophage (Lumenbildung) - pV perivitelline Vitellophage - Va Vakuole - Vi gelöster Dotter (im Darmlumen) - fZ freie Zellen (im perivitellinen Raum) Ausgeführt mit Mitteln des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung and der Freiwillig Akademischen Gesellschaft der Stadt Basel. 相似文献
Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen in den Abbilduugen A 1 1. Antenne - A 2 2. Antenne - Ab Abdomen - Au Auge - B Blastoderm - Bb Blastodermbildung - Bl Blutlakunensystem - Bm Blastomer (Furchungszelle) - Bp Blastoporus - BZ Blutzelle - Ca Cardiamagen - Cf Carapaxfalte - Cp Caudalpapille - DI Drüsenfilter (Magen) - zDk zentraler Dotterkörper - Do Dorsalorgan - pDp primare Dotterpyramide - tDp tertiare Dotterpyramide (Vitellophagenepithel) - DR Rest des intraembryonalen Dottersackes - ieDS intraembryonaler Dottersack - bDv blastodermale Dottervakuole - sDZ sekunddre Dotterzelle - tDZ tertiare Dotterzelle - sE sekunddre Epithelialisierung (der Vitellophagen) - Ec Ectoderm - Ed Enddarm - Eh Eihiille (Chorion) - Ep Entodermplatte - Et Entodermtrichter - Ex Extremitdt (bsw. Extremitätenanlage) - Fsp Furchungsspindel (Teilungsspindel) - H Herz - ID Innendotter - Im Immigration (des Mesentoderms) - In Invagination (des Mesentoderms) - Ke Kern - KL Kopflappen (optischer Lobus) - KM Kaumuskulatur - L Darmlumen - M Mitose - Ma Magen - Md Mitteldarm - dMd dorsaler Mitteldarmdivertikel (dorsaler Mitteldarmblindsack) - Me Mesoderm - McEn Mesentoderm - Mddr Mitteldarmdrüse - Ml Mandibel - Mp 1 1. Maxilliped (1. Kieferfuß) - Mp 2 2. Maxilliped (2. Kieferfuß) - Mp 3 3. Maxilliped (3. Kieferfuß) - Mu Muskulatur - M1 1. Maxille - M2 2. Maxille - N Ganglien des Nervensystems - Ni Niere (Antennendrüse) - Oe Oesophagus - Ol Oberlippe - Pl Plasma - Py Pylorusmagen - Qv Querverbindung zwischen den Kopflappen - pR perivitelliner Raum - Seg Segment - Sf Sternalfurche - Sto Stomodaeum (Anlage des Vorderdarmes) - TA Thoracoabdominalanlage - Te Telson - Ul Urdarmlumen - V Vitellophage (primare Dotterzelle) - V 1 Vitellophage 1 (1. Vitellophagengeneration) - V 2 Vitellophage 2 (2. Vitellophagengeneration) - dV degenerierende Vitellophage - V intravitelline Vitellophage - IV Initialvitellophage (Lumenbildung) - pV perivitelline Vitellophage - Va Vakuole - Vi gelöster Dotter (im Darmlumen) - fZ freie Zellen (im perivitellinen Raum) Ausgeführt mit Mitteln des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung and der Freiwillig Akademischen Gesellschaft der Stadt Basel. 相似文献