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排序方式: 共有139条查询结果,搜索用时 65 毫秒
131.
Kazuki Ide Hiroshi Yamada Kumi Matsushita Miki Ito Kei Nojiri Kiichiro Toyoizumi Keiji Matsumoto Yoichi Sameshima 《PloS one》2014,9(5)
Background
The anti-influenza virus activity of green tea catechins has been demonstrated in experimental studies, but clinical evidence has been inconclusive. School-aged children play an important role in the infection and spread of influenza in the form of school-based outbreaks. Preventing influenza infection among students is essential for reducing the frequency of epidemics and pandemics. As a non-pharmaceutical intervention against infection, gargling is also commonly performed in Asian countries but has not yet been extensively studied.Methods and Findings
A randomized, open label, 2-group parallel study of 757 high school students (15 to 17 years of age) was conducted for 90 days during the influenza epidemic season from December 1st, 2011 to February 28th, 2012, in 6 high schools in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The green tea gargling group gargled 3 times a day with bottled green tea, and the water gargling group did the same with tap water. The water group was restricted from gargling with green tea. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza using immunochromatographic assay for antigen detection. 757 participants were enrolled and 747 participants completed the study (384 in the green tea group and 363 in the water group). Multivariate logistic regression indicated no significant difference in the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza between the green tea group (19 participants; 4.9%) and the water group (25 participants; 6.9%) (adjusted OR, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.37 to 1.28; P = 0.24). The main limitation of the study is the adherence rate among high school students was lower than expected.Conclusions
Among high school students, gargling with green tea three times a day was not significantly more efficacious than gargling with water for the prevention of influenza infection. In order to adequately assess the effectiveness of such gargling, additional large-scale randomized studies are needed.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01225770相似文献132.
Xiaojie Meng Ko-ichi Kawahara Yuko Nawa Binita Shrestha Hisayo Sameshima Ikuro Maruyama 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2009,380(2):343-46
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates macrophages by activating NF-κB, which contributes to the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. 1,5-anhydro-d-fructose (1,5-AF), a monosaccharide formed from starch and glycogen, exhibits anti-oxidant activity and enhances insulin secretion. This study examined the effects of 1,5-AF on LPS-induced inflammatory reactions and elucidated its molecular mechanisms. Before LPS challenge, mice were pretreated with 1,5-AF (38.5 mg/kg). We found that 1,5-AF pretreatment attenuated cytokine release into the serum, including TNF-α, IL-6 and macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. Furthermore, pretreatment with 1,5-AF (500 μg/ml) attenuated cytokine release, and 1,5-AF directly inhibited the nuclear translocalization of the NF-κB p65 subunit in LPS-stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. This inhibition was responsible for decreased LPS-induced phosphorylation on Ser536 of the NF-κB p65 subunit, which is a posttranslational modification involved in the non-canonical pathway. Collectively, these findings indicate that the anti-inflammatory activity of 1,5-AF occurs via inactivation of NF-κB. 相似文献
133.
T Isawa R Sameshima H Mitsui K Minamisawa 《Applied and environmental microbiology》1999,65(8):3493-3501
From Bradyrhizobium japonicum highly reiterated sequence-possessing (HRS) strains indigenous to Niigata and Tokachi in Japan with high copy numbers of the repeated sequences RSalpha and RSbeta (K. Minamisawa, T. Isawa, Y. Nakatsuka, and N. Ichikawa, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:1845-1851, 1998), several insertion sequence (IS)-like elements were isolated by using the formation of DNA duplexes by denaturation and renaturation of total DNA, followed by treatment with S1 nuclease. Most of these sequences showed structural features of bacterial IS elements, terminal inverted repeats, and homology with known IS elements and transposase genes. HRS and non-HRS strains of B. japonicum differed markedly in the profiles obtained after hybridization with all the elements tested. In particular, HRS strains of B. japonicum contained many copies of IS1631, whereas non-HRS strains completely lacked this element. This association remained true even when many field isolates of B. japonicum were examined. Consequently, IS1631 occurrence was well correlated with B. japonicum HRS strains possessing high copy numbers of the repeated sequence RSalpha or RSbeta. DNA sequence analysis indicated that IS1631 is 2,712 bp long. In addition, IS1631 belongs to the IS21 family, as evidenced by its two open reading frames, which encode putative proteins homologous to IstA and IstB of IS21, and its terminal inverted repeat sequences with multiple short repeats. 相似文献
134.
Effects of moderate hypoxia on fetal electrocortical activity, eye movements, and breathing activity in sheep 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Isocapnic hypoxaemia (delta PaO2 = -8.0 +/- 0.5 mmHg; delta CaO2 = -2.86 +/- 0.20 ml/dl) was produced in fetal sheep by having the ewe breathe for one hour a gas mixture (v/v) of 10.5% O2 and 1.5% CO2 in N2. Mean fetal heart rate, blood pressure, and incidence of low voltage electrocortical activity were not affected. However, the incidence of rapid-eye-movements and breathing activity was reduced by about 40%. Breathing movements during hypoxaemia had a mean inspiratory time, breath interval, and tracheal pressure amplitude which did not differ significantly from those during control experiments in which the ewe breathed air from the plastic bag. These observations suggest that hypoxia decreases the incidence of breathing movements but does not affect the amplitude or pattern of breathing activity and that it may reduce the incidence of eye movements and breathing activity through a common mechanism. 相似文献
135.
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137.
Dictyostelium amoebae can migrate in several different modes. We tested for correlations of the direction of cell locomotion with the relative positions of the nucleus and microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). Five cases were analyzed on electron micrographs with a microcomputer. Each mode of movement showed characteristic locations of the MTOC relative to the nucleus; however, they differed in the various cases. In randomly migrating interphase amoebae, the number of cells with the MTOC located behind the nucleus was twice as great as those with the MTOC located ahead of the nucleus. During chemotactic migration toward folic acid, cells with the MTOC behind the nucleus were more numerous, with a concomitant reduction of anterior MTOCs. When amoebae aggregated on agar plates, a posterior location of the MTOC was most strikingly favored, whereas in cells aggregating under submerged conditions, the MTOC was indifferently anterior or posterior to the nucleus. (It may be significant that EDTA-resistant cell-cell adhesion was fully expressed in the former cells, but weaker in the latter.) Finally, in the case of chemotactically migrating cells from dissociated pseudoplasmodia, which adhere by means of other molecules, the MTOC was consistently ahead of the nucleus. Thus the MTOC shows no necessary preferential position anterior or posterior to the nucleus; its position, rather, correlates with the type of migration and perhaps with the nature of cell-cell adhesion. 相似文献
138.
139.
This paper introduces a new frequency-domain approach to describe the relationships (direction of information flow) between
multivariate time series based on the decomposition of multivariate partial coherences computed from multivariate autoregressive
models. We discuss its application and compare its performance to other approaches to the problem of determining neural structure
relations from the simultaneous measurement of neural electrophysiological signals. The new concept is shown to reflect a
frequency-domain representation of the concept of Granger causality.
Received: 25 April 2000 / Accepted in revised form: 13 November 2000 相似文献