Micro-CT检测中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠腰椎微结构的影响

目的用micro-CT方法,评估中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠腰椎微结构的影响。方法将30只3月龄雌性SD大鼠按体重分层后随机分为假手术、去卵巢静止和去卵巢运动三个组。运动组每周进行4次45min、速度18 m/min、坡度5°的跑台训练。正式运动处理14周时,取第2腰椎检测骨密度,取第4腰椎行micro-CT分析及三维结构重建;取第3腰椎椎体进行椎体压缩实验。结果去卵巢运动组第2腰椎骨密度、第3腰椎最大载荷、最大应力和弹性模量以及第4腰椎骨小梁体积和骨小梁数目显著高于去卵巢静止组,骨小梁分离度显著低于去卵巢静止组,而骨小梁厚度无显著变化。结论中等强度跑台运动能改善去卵巢大鼠腰椎的微结构。     

单次尾静脉注射法阿霉素大鼠肾病模型的建立

目的建立阿霉素大鼠肾病模型,并观察模型的动态变化。方法 26只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为模型组(13只)和空白组(13只),模型组单次尾静脉注射阿霉素6.2 mg/kg,空白组注射等容积生理盐水。检测连续10周12 h尿蛋白定量、终末血生化指标,光镜、电镜下观察各组大鼠肾脏病理改变。结果模型组12 h尿蛋白定量造模后1周与空白组差异有显著性(P0.01),第5周达到高峰;血总蛋白、白蛋白均低于空白组,甘油三酯、胆固醇、血尿素氮均高于空白组(均P0.05),血肌酐差异无显著性(P=0.64)。肾脏病理改变:第5周为微小病变型,第10周为局灶性节段性肾小球硬化。结论单次尾静脉注射6.2 mg/kg阿霉素,可以成功建立渐进性的大鼠肾病综合征模型。     

Using Head Patch Pattern as a Reliable Biometric Character for Noninvasive Individual Recognition of an Endangered Pitviper Protobothrops mangshanensis

Mangshan pitviper, Protobothrops mangshanensis(formerly Zhaoermia mangshanensis) is endemic to China. Unfortunately, due to the decreasing size of its wild populations, this snake has been listed as critically endangered. Research carried out on the Mangshan pitviper's population ecology and captive reproduction has revealed that the unique head patch patterns of different individuals may potentially be used as a noninvasive recognition biometric character. We collected head patch pattern images of 40 individuals of P. mangshanensis between 1994 and 2011. By comparing each pitviper's head patch pattern, we found that the head patch pattern of individual snakes was different and unique. Additionally, we observed and recorded the head patch pattern characters of four adults and five juveniles before and after ecdysis. Our findings confirmed that head patch patterns of Mangshan pitvipers are unique and stable, remaining unchanged after ecdysis. Thus, individuals can be quickly identified by examining the head patch pattern within a specific recognition area on the head. This method may be useful for noninvasive individual recognition in many other species that display color patch pattern variations, especially in studies of endangered species where the use of invasive marking techniques is undesirable.     

Numerical Modelling of Electroosmotic Driven Flow in Nanoporous Media by Lattice Boltzmann Method

The lattice Boltzmann method was employed to simulate electroosmotic driven flow and Debye layer screening in conducting electrolyte around a porous structure with average size of 40 nm. The charge screening around the nanopores was investigated by solving the vector-superpositioned potential equilibrium distribution function and adding electro-kinetic force term to the evolution equation. In this intermediate case of moderate Debye length, the electrophoresis problem becomes complicated. The motion of the particles distorts the screening cloud, which becomes asymmetric, resulting in very complex interactions between the electrolyte, the screening cloud and the particle; but the Electroosmotic Flow (EOF) behaviour was still considered based on the Helmoholtz-Smoluchowski model with adaptation to fit nanoporous flow in the porous structure. In the present approach, the flow in the nanopores is directly modelled; the detailed flow information can be obtained by simplifying the repeated macrostructure. Due to the symmetry of the domain, the size of computational domain can be largely reduced by less repeated spherical nanoparticles. Each pore of the medium contains several lattice nodes on the simplified curved edges and potential gradients are produced by adjusting the zeta potential value. The velocity results for pressure-driven and EOF flows agree well with the analytical solutions and recent experimental results. In particular, the interface between solid particles and fluids, the influences of porosity, solid particle diameter, yield stress and electric parameters in EOF were investigated. The anti-adhesion effect of electroosmotic pumping effect was evaluated, and the pulsed DC was applied in order to enhance the performance of the electroosmotic pumping. The results demonstrate that the present lattice Boltzmann model is capable of modelling flow through nanoporous media at certain restrictions while some results deviate from the predictions based on the macroscopic theories.     

咪喹莫特对慢性哮喘模型小鼠肺组织中基质金属蛋白酶-9-表达的影响

目的：观察Toll样受体7配体咪喹莫特对慢性哮喘小鼠模型气道重塑及肺组织中基质金属蛋白酶MMP-9表达的影响。方法：36只BALB／c小鼠按随机原则分成正常对照组、哮喘模型组、咪喹莫特组,每组12只。通过卵蛋白致敏,气道激发8周,末次激发24h后,检测各组小鼠气道反应性,HE染色观察气道炎症变化;Masson三色染色观察气道纤维化的改变;real-timePCR和western—blot分别检测肺组织中MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白表达。结果：慢性哮喘组小鼠气道炎症、气道高反应性和气道重塑较正常对照小鼠明显加重,而咪喹莫特组小鼠模型的气道炎症和气道反应性及气道重塑均较哮喘模型组小鼠减少或降低。慢性哮喘组小鼠肺组织MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白水平均较正常对照小鼠明显增加（P〈0．05）,而咪喹莫特治疗可显著降低哮喘小鼠肺组织MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白水平（P〈0．05）。结论：咪喹莫特能够显著抑制慢性哮喘小鼠模型的气道炎症、降低气道高反应性并减轻气道重塑,这可能与其抑制MMP-9的表达有关。     

急性白血病基因突变与多步骤发病机制和临床相关性

急性髓细胞白血病(AML)是一组在发病机制和临床行为方面差异较大的疾病.在急性早幼粒细胞白血病中(APL),PML-RARα是APL的关键驱动(driver)突变,具有显性负的调控作用,影响髓系分化、凋亡和DNA复制和修复,其特殊结构使其成为全反式维甲酸和三氧化二砷的靶标.随着第二代测序技术的发展,在AML中发现了一些新的基因突变,其中DNA甲基转移酶3A(DNMT3A)突变是与表观遗传学相关的、与AML较差预后有关的基因事件.在1185例AML的基因分析中,研究发现与表观遗传学相关的第Ⅲ类突变与老年、高WBC及较差的临床预后有关.AML的发病是多步骤的,涉及不同通路上不同分子事件的相互作用,目前认为影响转录因子和信号传导通路的分子事件相互作用是AML完全发病的重要模式之一.     

冰川生态系统固碳微生物研究进展

[目的] 海南海口含有丰富的温泉资源,对温泉微生物多样性进行研究,有助于进一步开发和利用海南温泉微生物资源。[方法] 本文采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序技术对海口3个温泉[海甸岛荣域温泉（S1）、火山口开心农场温泉（S2）和西海岸海长流温泉（S3）] 水样中微生物ITS序列和16S rRNA基因V3-V4区进行测序及生物信息学分析,探究海口市3个不同区域的温泉真菌多样性与细菌多样性。[结果] （1）α多样性分析表明,真菌群落中,S3 > S1 > S2,而在细菌群落中,S2 > S1 > S3。β多样性分析表明,3个温泉真菌群落和细菌群落组成差异皆显著。（2）分类分析表明,温泉真菌群落优势菌门为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）,细菌群落优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、Thermi、硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）、绿菌门（Chlorobi）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）。（3）CCA（Canonical correspondence analysis）分析表明,3个温泉的真菌群落主要影响因子是温度,细菌群落主要影响因子是总磷。[结论] 海南省海口市温泉中含有丰富的微生物资源,其微生物群落组成受多种环境因子影响,且影响真菌和细菌的主要环境因子不同。     

虫瘿与其生物群落及寄主植物间的关系

虫瘿是自然界极其常见的生物现象,是植物与昆虫互作的奇特产物。本文对虫瘿生物群落多样性、虫瘿与其生物群落的关系以及虫瘿与寄主植物的关系进行概述,探讨了致瘿昆虫在虫瘿形成中的作用、植物化学对致瘿昆虫产卵交配行为的影响以及植物激素在虫瘿形成中的作用,最后对虫瘿今后的研究方向进行了讨论,为虫瘿的致瘿生物学及其瘿内生物相互关系的进一步研究奠定基础。     

一株高产淀粉绿藻——标志链带藻在废水中的培养及对氮磷的去除

为了研究标志链带藻(Desmodesmus insignis strain JNU24)在不同Na NO3浓度和不同废水浓度培养下的生长与代谢产物积累状况,评估标志链带藻对废水的处理能力,本研究利用柱状光反应器对标志链带藻进行培养,分别对4种Na NO3浓度的BG-11培养基和4种废水浓度培养下藻细胞的生物量、蛋白质含量、碳水化合物含量和淀粉含量进行了测定。结果显示,在BG-11培养基中,氮浓度为9.0 mmol/L时,藻细胞生物质浓度最高,达6.23 g/L;在废水培养下,未稀释的原废水实验组,其藻细胞生物质浓度最高,达10.31 g/L;75%废水培养下,藻细胞的淀粉含量最高(达50.9%),单位体积藻细胞淀粉含量和产率分别为4.86 g/L和405 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1),且显著高于不同浓度Na NO3的BG-11培养基组。本研究还测定了标志链带藻对废水中氮、磷的去除效率,结果显示不同浓度废水培养下,氮、磷的去除效率最高可达90.8%和98.7%。基于柱状反应器中的最佳培养效果,以9.0 mmol/L Na NO3的BG-11培养基和75%废水于3.0 cm光径平板光生物反应器中进行室内扩大培养,结果显示在75%废水培养下,藻细胞生物质浓度达9.75 g/L,淀粉单位体积含量和产率分别达到4.75 g/L和230 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1),且为9.0 mmol/L Na NO3的BG-11培养基培养的3倍。通过沉降特性分析发现,藻细胞收获90 min后均完全沉降,具有较强的沉降性能。本研究标志链带藻能够耐受废水中较高的氮、磷浓度,且对废水中氮、磷有显著的去除作用;该藻能利用废水中的营养成分积累较高的生物量和淀粉含量并且藻细胞能快速沉降,具有极高的经济价值和应用价值,是一株淀粉生产能力较高和废水处理能力较强的极具开发潜力的藻株。