刺激中缝背核调制小脑间位核神经元电活动

刺激中缝背核（ｄｏｒｓａｌｒａｐｈｅｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ,ＤＲ）可以引起小脑间位核（ｉｎｔｅｒｐｏｓｅｄｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ,ＩＮ）神经元抑制,兴奋和双相（抑制－兴奋和兴奋－抑制）３种不同类型的反应,其中以抑制反应为主（７６．０％）,多数细胞的反应潜伏期〈３０ｍｓ。ＩＮ细胞的自发放电频率为５－１２０Ｈｚ,自发放电频率高的神经元群体对ＤＲ刺激的反应率却比自发放电频率低的群体低。静脉注射５－ＨＴ２／１ｃ受体阻断剂     

山楂酸减少L02细胞脂质累积作用的研究(英文)

非酒精性脂肪性肝在发达国家和发展中国家中是一种常见的肝脏疾病。引起非酒精性脂肪性肝病的最常见原因有肥胖、糖尿病和高胆固醇。尽管非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发病率日益升高,事实上至今尚未发现可以用于治疗的药物。山楂酸是一种五环三萜化合物,已报道具有多种药理特性,包括抗炎、抗氧化以及免疫调节作用。我们的前期研究表明,山楂酸能够抑制高脂饲料诱导大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的生成。本研究中,我们将探讨山楂酸体外对肝细胞(LO2)脂质累积的抑制作用。结果表明,山楂酸可抑制游离脂肪酸(FFA)诱导的LO2细胞脂质累积,进一步研究表明,山楂酸可抑制LO2细胞的SCAP mRNA水平和蛋白水平的表达。     

青藏高原强UV-B辐射对美丽风毛菊光合作用和色素含量的影响

以青藏高原矮嵩草草甸的主要伴随种美丽风毛菊为材料,通过滤除太阳辐射光谱中UV-B成分的模拟试验,研究了强太阳UV-B辐射对高山植物光合作用、光合色素和紫外吸收物质的影响.结果表明：与对照相比,弱UV-B处理能促使美丽风毛菊叶片净光合速率增加和提高稳态PSⅡ光化学效率;对照中叶片厚度的相对增加能弥补单位叶面积光合色素的光氧化损失,是高山植物对强UV B辐射的一种适应方式.短期滤除UV-B辐射处理时紫外吸收物质含量几乎没有变化,说明高山植物叶表皮层中该类物质受环境波动的影响较小.强UV-B环境下光合色素的相对增加是一种表象,而青藏高原强太阳UV-B辐射对高山植物美丽风毛菊的光合生理过程仍具有潜在的负影响.     

盐胁迫对四种基因型冬小麦幼苗Na+、K+吸收和累积的影响

以4种不同基因型冬小麦品种为试验材料,研究了盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的生长及Na^＋、K^＋和Cl^-的吸收、累积规律。结果表明,盐胁迫下小麦吸水困难,幼苗生长受抑;幼苗含水量、生物量及干物质量明显下降;Na^＋、Cl^-含量和单株累积量显著增加。K^＋含量和单株累积量则明显降低。Na^＋／K^＋比值随介质中的盐浓度的增加而升高。盐胁迫下各基因型冬小麦幼苗Na^＋、K^＋和Cl^-的单株累积量及其在地上部分和根系中的含量变化较大,说明小麦根系对Na^＋、K^＋和Cl^-的吸收存在基因型差异。盐处理下,暖型小麦NR9405对K^＋的选择吸收能力强,对Na^＋的吸收和累积少,植株体内的K^＋浓度较高,Na^＋／K^＋比值小;幼苗的生物量较大,耐盐性强。冷型小麦RB6对K^＋的选择能力差,对Na^＋的吸收和累积量大,幼苗的Na^＋／K^＋比值大,生物量小,耐盐性较差。低盐浓度下,Na^＋可作为渗透调节物质维持植物体内渗透平衡。高盐浓度下,Na^＋的过度吸收和累积可能是盐害的主要原因。维持体内较低的Na^＋水平和Na^＋／K^＋比值是小麦耐盐性的一个重要特征。     

新疆准噶尔盆地芳3井晚白垩世孢粉组合的发现及其地质意义

准噶尔盆地腹部芳3井紫泥泉子组所夹灰色泥岩中产丰富的盘星藻、葡萄藻等藻类、疑源类化石及一定数量的孢粉化石。孢粉化石计75属160种,并首次在新疆地区发现了可靠的鹰粉型化石Aquilapollenites以及在我国主要产于松辽盆地和广东三水盆地上白垩统的“大孢子”化石Balmeisporites,建立Schizaeoisporites grandus-Parcisporites parvisaccus-Liliacidites creticus(GPC)组合。通过对部分孢粉属种已知地质分布的分析以及与国内外部分地区晚白垩世孢粉组合的对比,将GPC组合的时代确定为晚白垩世坎潘期至马斯特里赫特期。根据紫泥泉子组的沉积特点及孢粉组合特征,认为晚白垩世准噶尔盆地应归属西北-东南孢粉植物区,局部层段沉积时期气候比较湿润,孢粉组合具有我国东北孢粉植物区与西北-东南孢粉植物区的过渡特点。     

祁连山南坡植被景观格局及其破碎化

以扎麻什营林区的林相图和调查资料为基础,运用GIS手段,选取合适的景观格局指数,分析了祁连山南坡植被景观格局基本特征,并进行了破碎化评价.结果表明:研究区植被以草地和灌丛为主,景观基质已退化为裸地,各植被类型斑块密度远大于裸地,平均分维数较低,景观整体破碎化水平较高;草地和灌丛边界密度和破碎化指数均高于其他植被类型,反映出该区自然植被景观主要受放牧活动的影响;森林多以小面积零散分布,其中青海云杉林景观结构破坏较为严重,异质性较低,斑块形状趋于单一,显示出较高水平的破碎化,其他林种多以小面积集中分布于某些小的生境,受人类活动干扰较少,破碎化程度较低.

Abstract：

Based on the forest form map and investigation data of Zhamashi forest area, and by using GIS, appropriate landscape pattern indices were chosen to study the basic characteristics of vegetation landscape pattern on the southern slope of Qilian Mountain, with the landscape frag-mentation evaluated. In the study area, grass and shrub were the main vegetation types, and the landscape matrix had degraded to bare land. The patch densities of all vegetation types were far larger than that of bare land, and their mean fractal dimension was lower than that of bear land. All of these characters emphasized the highly fragmented condition of the vegetation landscape in this area. The total edge densities and fragment indices of grassland and shrub land were higher than those of other vegetation types, reflecting that the natural vegetation was mainly affected by grazing. The forests were more dispersed in small areas, and the landscape structure of Picea crassifollia forest was heavily destroyed, being induced that the heterogeneity became lower and the patch shape tended to single, suggesting a high fragmentation degree. Other forest types were centralized in a certain habitat and less disturbed by human activities, suggesting a lower frag-mentation degree.     

黄瓜贴接苗砧木子叶淀粉代谢的动态变化特征

该研究以黄瓜品种‘中农18号’、南瓜砧木品种‘京欣砧5号’为试验材料,以南瓜自根苗(P)和去除1片子叶及生长点的南瓜苗( /P)为对照,采用单子叶贴接法进行黄瓜/南瓜异体嫁接(C/P)和南瓜/南瓜自体嫁接(P/P),测定嫁接后砧木子叶形态指标和淀粉代谢的动态变化,分析嫁接后去除砧木子叶对嫁接苗生长发育的影响,以揭示砧木子叶淀粉代谢在黄瓜嫁接苗生长中的作用,为黄瓜嫁接苗的壮苗培育提供理论依据。结果显示：(1)贴接后,C/P、P/P和 /P砧木子叶鲜质量和面积显著增大,且增加量依次递减,表现为 /P > C/P > P/P > P。(2)贴接后,C/P和P/P砧木子叶中淀粉含量在嫁接后0~3 d时降低,之后迅速升高,至嫁接后13 d再次逐渐降低,且C/P砧木子叶淀粉含量及其淀粉分支酶(SBE)和水解酶(β AL)活性均显著高于P/P。(3)在嫁接后0~10 d 去除砧木子叶可显著抑制C/P嫁接苗接穗和根系生长,减弱根系活力,同时降低根系可溶性糖含量及其CWIN、HXK基因表达水平,并以嫁接后0 d 去除砧木子叶的抑制效果最显著。研究表明,黄瓜C/P单子叶贴接苗中,砧木子叶作为贮存器官,在幼苗生长早期以淀粉形式储存光合产物,之后淀粉水解成单糖为嫁接苗接穗和根系快速生长提供物质和能量。     

中华金叶榆子代苗光合特性及叶片呈色机制探讨

中华金叶榆是普通白榆的天然黄叶突变体,黄叶性状在子代中可稳定遗传,自由授粉子一代出现黄绿性状分离。该研究以中华金叶榆子代黄叶苗和绿叶苗为试验材料,从生长速率、叶片色素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光及叶绿体超微结构等方面对黄叶苗的光合特性和叶片呈色机制进行了探讨。结果显示:(1)黄叶苗生长缓慢,净光合速率(12.5μmol·m-2·s-1)显著低于绿叶苗(17.5μmol·m-2·s-1),而蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶片温度显著高于绿叶苗。(2)黄叶苗和绿叶苗叶片的光合色素种类基本相同,但黄叶苗的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和花青素4种主要色素含量始终低于绿叶苗且相对稳定,各种色素含量在生育期内不同月份略有变化,类胡萝卜素含量始终低于叶绿素含量。(3)黄叶苗叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)发育不完全,电子传递效率低。(4)黄叶苗叶绿体内膜系统发育紊乱,基粒垛叠失败。研究表明,中华金叶榆子代黄叶苗叶绿体内膜系统发育缺陷,基粒片层垛叠失败,进而多种色素含量大幅下降,光合系统发育不完全,致使其叶片呈现黄色、光合性能下降、植株生长缓慢。     

Characterization of conserved motifs in HIV-1 Vif required for APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F interaction

Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G, or A3G) and related cytidine deaminases such as apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3F (APOBEC3F, or A3F) are potent inhibitors of retroviruses. Formation of infectious human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 requires suppression of multiple cytidine deaminases by Vif. HIV-1 Vif suppresses various APOBEC3 proteins through a common mechanism by recruiting Cullin5, ElonginB, and ElonginC E3 ubiquitin ligase to induce target protein polyubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. Domains in Vif that mediate APOBEC3 recognition have not been fully characterized. In the present study, we identified a VxIPLx_4-5LxΦx₂YWxL motif in HIV-1 Vif, which is required for efficient interaction between Vif and A3G, Vif-mediated A3G degradation and virion exclusion, and functional suppression of the A3G antiviral activity. Amino acids 52 to 72 of HIV-1 Vif (including the VxIPLx_4-5LxΦx₂YWxL motif) alone could mediate interaction with A3G, and this interaction was abolished by mutations of two hydrophobic amino acids in this region. We have also observed that a Vif mutant was ineffective against A3G, yet it retained the ability to interact with Cullin5-E3 ubiquitin complex and A3G, suggesting that interaction with A3G is necessary but not sufficient to inhibit its antiviral function. Unlike the previously identified motif of HIV-1 Vif amino acids 40 to 44, which is only important for A3G suppression, the VxIPLx_4-5LxΦx₂YWxL motif is also required for efficient A3F interaction and suppression. On the other hand, another motif, TGERxW, of HIV-1 Vif amino acids 74 to 79 was found to be mainly important for A3F interaction and inhibition. Both the VxIPLx_4-5LxΦx₂YWxL and TGERxW motifs are highly conserved among HIV-1, HIV-2, and various simian immunodeficiency virus Vif proteins. Our data suggest that primate lentiviral Vif molecules recognize their autologous APOBEC3 proteins through conserved structural features that represent attractive targets for the development of novel inhibitors.     

假瘤蕨属 (水龙骨科) 植物叶表皮特征的比较研究

在光镜和扫描电镜下观察了假瘤蕨属2系、5亚系的24种植物的叶表皮。结果表明,叶表皮细胞形状不规则,垂周壁波曲状。下生气孔,气孔类型有极细胞型、共环极细胞型、腋下细胞型、聚腋下细胞型和不规则型,常伴生出现。在扫描电镜下,叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘为浅波状、少平滑;一些种的保卫细胞两端有“T”型加厚;角质膜波状有条纹,有时附有颗粒。叶表皮的一些特征对该属部分种的区分有一定的参考价值。叶表皮的微形态特征,如气孔器类型和垂周壁类型特征不能用来界定假瘤蕨属的系和亚系。