Effect of dilution rate on eicosapentaenoic acid productivity ofPhaeodactylum tricornutum utex 640 in outdoor chemostat culture

Summary Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) volumetric productivity from an outdoor chemostat culture ofPhaeodactylum tricornutum UTEX 640 in a 50-l tubular photobioreactor varies with dilution rate, reaching a maximum of 47.8 mg l^–1 d^–1 at D=0.36 d^–1. Continuous culture at high dilution rates' is proposed as the most adequate operating mode to maximize polyunsaturated fatty acid production.     

Effect of strontium and magnesium on blood calcium]

Twenty four male Wistar rats weighing 250 +/- 10 g, in three groups of 8 rats each, were used. Group A was used as control and the content of its drinking water was 6.5 mg/l Ca; 2.4 mg/l Mg. The drinking water of groups B and C was supplemented with 20 mM (SrCl2) and 20 mM (MgCl2), respectively. Once the 20 days of mineral supplementation had passed, arterial blood was extracted by puncture in the abdominal aorta. In the serum obtained after centrifugation, Ca, Mg, Sr and the total proteins (TP) were determined. Afterwards the serum was subjected to ultrafiltration. Concentrations of Ca, Mg and TP were measured in the obtained ultrafiltrates (u), with the above described techniques. The pH was measured before and after the ultrafiltration. The TP decreased significantly both in group B (supplemented with Sr), and in group C (supplement with Mg). Increases in Ca were found in group B and in Mg in group C. The Mg/Ca ratio increased 10% after the supplementation with Mg. At the ultrafiltrate a significant increase in Cau after supplementation with Sr and with Mg was observed. The Mgu/Cau ratio decreased 14% in the group supplemented with Sr and 38% after the supplementation with Mg. In conclusion, the supplementation with Sr (20 mM) in rats increases the Cau and could have the effect of reducing protein synthesis. These facts should be borne in mind when Sr is used for therapeutical purposes.     

Determination of duodenogastric reflux by quantification of bile acids in the gastric juice

The existence of duodeno-gastric reflux was evaluated in a group of 15 healthy subjects, in fasting and for 24 hours. The assessment of duodeno-gastric reflux was made by quantitation of the bile acids (BA) present in the gastric juice. The individual free and conjugated BA were separated and quantified by means of thin-layer chromatography and in situ spectrofluorometry. In 7 of the subjects studied no BA were detected, and in the other 8 subjects the BA levels were below 6 mumol reflux/hour. There were no free BA detected in any of the subjects. The levels of BA in gastric juice increased progressively with age, but there were no differences between sex. The chromatographic technique used is highly sensitive for the analysis of BA in biological samples. The study of BA in the gastric juice provides a quantitative and reliable assessment of the degree of duodeno-gastric reflux.     

The role of nutrition on epigenetic modifications and their implications on health

Nutrition plays a key role in many aspects of health and dietary imbalances are major determinants of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes and cancer. Adequate nutrition is particularly essential during critical periods in early life (both pre- and postnatal). In this regard, there is extensive epidemiologic and experimental data showing that early sub-optimal nutrition can have health consequences several decades later.     

A DNA Damage Checkpoint Pathway Coordinates the Division of Dikaryotic Cells in the Ink Cap Mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea

The fungal fruiting body or mushroom is a multicellular structure essential for sexual reproduction. It is composed of dikaryotic cells that contain one haploid nucleus from each mating partner sharing the same cytoplasm without undergoing nuclear fusion. In the mushroom, the pileus bears the hymenium, a layer of cells that includes the specialized basidia in which nuclear fusion, meiosis, and sporulation occur. Coprinopsis cinerea is a well-known model fungus used to study developmental processes associated with the formation of the fruiting body. Here we describe that knocking down the expression of Atr1 and Chk1, two kinases shown to be involved in the response to DNA damage in a number of eukaryotic organisms, dramatically impairs the ability to develop fruiting bodies in C. cinerea, as well as other developmental decisions such as sclerotia formation. These developmental defects correlated with the impairment in silenced strains to sustain an appropriated dikaryotic cell cycle. Dikaryotic cells in which chk1 or atr1 genes were silenced displayed a higher level of asynchronous mitosis and as a consequence aberrant cells carrying an unbalanced dose of nuclei. Since fruiting body initiation is dependent on the balanced mating-type regulator doses present in the dikaryon, we believe that the observed developmental defects were a consequence of the impaired cell cycle in the dikaryon. Our results suggest a connection between the DNA damage response cascade, cell cycle regulation, and developmental processes in this fungus.     

Neutral microprotein, a novel human plasma and urinary protein associated with a yellow-brown chromophore. Isolation from protein HC preparations and partial characterization

An apparently novel human plasma and urinary protein of low molecular weight was isolated from several highly purified preparations of protein HC by gel chromatography and high voltage electrophoresis with a yield of about 8 mg/g. The protein has a molecular weight of about 20,000, neutral electrophoretic mobility at pH 6.5 and a high content of half-cystine. It is associated with a yellow-brown chromophore like protein HC and could be demonstrated in all investigated preparations of isolated human, rabbit and guinea-pig protein HC and alpha 1-microglobulin.     

Effect of the phase state of lipids on their interaction with cobra cytotoxin

Interaction between cytotoxin of the Central Asia cobra venom and dimiristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer depending on its phase state was studied by ESR with spin label. A conclusion can be drawn that the efficiency of cytotoxin effect on the membranes depends on their phase state. Cytotoxin molecules are incorporated into myophile region of the bilayer, only if the latter is in the liquid crystal state. The interaction between cytotoxins and lipids of the bilayer in a gel state is in the main conditioned by electrostatic forces.