全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1205篇 |
免费 | 85篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 26篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 22篇 |
2017年 | 30篇 |
2016年 | 40篇 |
2015年 | 50篇 |
2014年 | 54篇 |
2013年 | 86篇 |
2012年 | 93篇 |
2011年 | 82篇 |
2010年 | 51篇 |
2009年 | 57篇 |
2008年 | 73篇 |
2007年 | 72篇 |
2006年 | 50篇 |
2005年 | 67篇 |
2004年 | 72篇 |
2003年 | 68篇 |
2002年 | 58篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 4篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
1949年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1291条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
71.
Derubeis AR Mastrogiacomo M Cancedda R Quarto R 《European journal of cell biology》2003,82(4):175-181
Evidence is mounting that an increasing number of cell populations in the adult organism already committed and/or differentiated retain the ability to reprogram themselves and give rise to a different phenotype. Bone marrow stromal cells have long been recognized as early progenitor cells for osteoblasts, chondrocytes, hematopoietic-supportive fibroblasts and adipocytes. Recent reports though have demonstrated a potential of cell populations outside the bone marrow environment to sustain bone formation under specific circumstances. The formation of bone nodules in the spleen of IL-5 transgenic mice has been recently reported (Macias et al. (2001): J. Clin. Invest. 107, 949 - 959). We thus postulated that a cell population exists in the spleen that under particular microenvironmental conditions is able to reprogram itself and pursue a fate other than the tissue-specific one. Therefore we isolated and expanded in vitro spleen-derived stromal cells. After expansion, these cells were challenged with culture conditions designed to induce osteogenic differentiation. We hypothesized that the combination of a proliferating factor (fibroblast growth factor 2) and a differentiating hormone (dexamethasone) would allow us to induce spleen-derived stromal cells to proliferate and at the same time to express osteoblast-specific genes. Thus, spleen-derived stromal cells were isolated from rat spleen and expanded in the presence of fibroblast growth factor 2 and dexamethasone. Once primary cultures reached confluence they were either switched to an osteo-inductive medium or implanted in immunodeficient mice. Although no bone formation was observed in in vivo experiments, in vitro spleen-derived stromal cells were able to deposit a mineralized matrix. Gene expression, as revealed by RT-PCR analysis, evidenced that the deposition of a mineralized matrix was concomitant with the expression of CBFA1 and osteocalcin, along with alkaline phosphatase and bone sialoprotein. Our data suggest that rat spleen-derived stromal cells can undergo osteogenic differentiation in a permissive microenvironment. 相似文献
72.
Brenner RR 《Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids》2003,68(2):151-162
Animal biosynthesis of high polyunsaturated fatty acids from linoleic, alpha-linolenic and oleic acids is mainly modulated by the delta6 and delta5 desaturases through dietary and hormonal stimulated mechanisms. From hormones, only insulin activates both enzymes. In experimental diabetes mellitus type-1, the depressed delta6 desaturase is restored by insulin stimulation of the gene expression of its mRNA. However, cAMP or cycloheximide injection prevents this effect. The depression of delta6 and delta5 desaturases in diabetes is rapidly correlated by lower contents of arachidonic acid and higher contents of linoleic in almost all the tissues except brain. However, docosahexaenoic n-3 acid enhancement, mainly in liver phospholipids, is not explained yet. In experimental non-insulin dependent diabetes, the effect upon the delta6 and delta5 desaturases is not clear. From all other hormones glucagon, adrenaline, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, oestriol, oestradiol, testosterone and ACTH depress both desaturases, and a few hormones: progesterone, cortexolone and pregnanediol are inactive. 相似文献
73.
Vonasek E Mateu L Luzzati V Marquez G Vargas R Céspedes G Cotúa M Borges J 《European biophysics journal : EBJ》2001,30(1):11-16
A sural nerve dissected from a recently dead patient displayed an unusual X-ray diffraction pattern, suggesting that in situ and at the time of the patient's death the myelin sheaths were in a swollen state. Diffraction patterns of the swollen type were also recorded from: (1) a sural nerve from the corpse of a neurologically healthy person after soaking the nerve with Ringer solution at pH 5.5; (2) sciatic nerves dissected from rat cadavers at increasing time after death. In all the cases the swollen patterns reversed to the native type upon superfusion with Ringer solution at pH 7.3. The postmortem effect is to decrease the pH of the fluids surrounding the nerves in the cadavers. Our experiments show that the early postmortem processes have the effect of acidifying PNS nerves and that as a consequence of acidification the myelin sheaths swell. 相似文献
74.
A new broad-host-range plasmid, pSL1211, was constructed for the over-expression of genes in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. The plasmid was derived from RSF1010 and an Escherichia coli over-expression plasmid, pTrcHisC. Over-expressed protein is made with a removable N-terminal histidine tag. The plasmid was used to over-express the phrA gene and purify the gene product from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. PhrA is the major ultraviolet-light-resistant factor in the cyanobacterium. The purified PhrA protein exhibited an optical absorption spectrum similar to that of the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) DNA photolyase from Synechocuccus sp. strain PCC 6301 (Anacystis nidulans). Mass spectrometry analysis of PhrA indicated that the protein contains 8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2) as cofactors. PhrA repairs only cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer but not pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidinone photoproducts. On the basis of these results, the PhrA protein is classified as a class I, HDF-type, CPD DNA photolyase. 相似文献
75.
Rodolfo FaríasRodríguez Robert B. Mellor Carlos Arias Juan José PeñaCabriales 《Physiologia plantarum》1998,102(3):353-359
Nine cultivars of common bean were grown in the presence of a natural microflora without exogenous rhizobial inoculation. Nodules were harvested 30 days post planting (early flowering stage) and the presence of trehalose determined. Amounts present varied according to cultivar and were between 0.20 and 1.63 mg g−1 nodule dry weight. Rhizobial strains were isolated from the nodules of three selected cultivars (Canario 101, Flor de Mayo Bajio and Flor de Mayo 38). Trehalose levels in nodules produced after either mixed strain reinfection, or after axenic homologous reinfection or after axenic cross‐reinfection could be manipulated by applying drought stress. Mixed reinfection nodules from stressed plants accumulated between two and six times the trehalose concentration found in non‐stressed control plants. After axenic cross‐reinfection up to 48‐fold increases in nodule trehalose content were recorded during drought stress. Those cultivars exhibiting high nodule trehalose levels and/or a high degree of trehalose stimulation in response to drought stress also exhibited a high leaf relative water content and were also the most drought resistant. During drought stress nodule trehalase levels rose only slightly. 相似文献
76.
Salvador?Peiru Andres?Aguirre Florencia?Eberhardt Mauricio?Braia Rodolfo?Cabrera Hugo?G.?MenzellaEmail author 《Biotechnology for biofuels》2015,8(1):223
Background
Biodiesels produced from transesterification of vegetable oils have a major quality problem due to the presence of precipitates, which need to be removed to avoid clogging of filters and engine failures. These precipitates have been reported to be mostly composed of steryl glucosides (SGs), but so far industrial cost-effective methods to remove these compounds are not available. Here we describe a novel method for the efficient removal of SGs from biodiesel, based on the hydrolytic activity of a thermostable β-glycosidase obtained from Thermococcus litoralis.Results
A steryl glucosidase (SGase) enzyme from T. litoralis was produced and purified from Escherichia coli cultures expressing a synthetic gene, and used to treat soybean-derived biodiesel. Several optimization steps allowed for the selection of optimal reaction conditions to finally provide a simple and efficient process for the removal of SGs from crude biodiesel. The resulting biodiesel displayed filterability properties similar to distilled biodiesel according to the total contamination (TC), the cold soak filtration test (CSFT), filter blocking tendency (FBT), and cold soak filter blocking tendency (CSFBT) tests. The process was successfully scaled up to a 20 ton reactor, confirming its adaptability to industrial settings.Conclusions
The results presented in this work provide a novel path for the removal of steryl glucosides from biodiesel using a cost-effective, environmentally friendly and scalable enzymatic process, contributing to the adoption of this renewable fuel.77.
Increased urine podocyte‐associated messenger RNAs in severe obesity are evidence of podocyte injury 下载免费PDF全文
78.
Carla B. Andreucci José G. Cecatti Rodolfo C. Pacagnella Carla Silveira Mary A. Parpinelli Elton C. Ferreira Carina R. Angelini Juliana P. Santos Dulce M. Zanardi Jamile C. Bussadori Gustavo N. Cecchino Renato T. Souza Maria H. Sousa Maria L. Costa 《PloS one》2015,10(12)
Objective
to assess Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores and delay to resume sexual activity associated with a previous severe maternal morbidity.Method
This was a multidimensional retrospective cohort study. Women who gave birth at a Brazilian tertiary maternity between 2008 and 2012 were included, with data extraction from the hospital information system. Those with potentially life-threatening conditions and maternal near miss episodes (severe maternal morbidity) were considered the exposed group. The control group was a random sample of women who had had uncomplicated pregnancy. Female sexual function was evaluated through FSFI questionnaire, and general and reproductive aspects were addressed through specific questions. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney and Pearson´s Chi-square for bivariate analyses. Logistic regression was used to identify variables independently associated with lower FSFI scores.Results
638 women were included (315 at exposed and 323 at not exposed groups). The majority of women were under 30 years-old in the control group and between 30 and 46 years-old in the exposed group (p = 0.003). Women who experienced severe maternal morbidity (SMM) had statistically significant differences regarding cesarean section (82.4% versus 47.1% among deliveries without complications, p<0.001), and some previous pathological conditions. FSFI mean scores were similar among groups ranging from 24.39 to 24.42. It took longer for exposed women to resume sexual activity after index pregnancy (mean 84 days after SMM and 65 days for control group, p = 0.01). Multiple analyses showed no significant association of FSFI below cut-off value with any predictor.Conclusion
FSFI scores were not different in both groups. However, they were lower than expected. SMM delayed resumption of sexual activity after delivery, beyond postpartum period. However, the proportion of women in both groups having sex at 3 months after delivery was similar. Altered sexual response may be evaluated as one of possible long-term consequences after SMM episodes. Further studies on the growing population of women surviving severe maternal conditions might be worth for improvement of care for women. 相似文献79.
Jorge D. Carrillo-Brice?o Erin Maxwell Orangel A. Aguilera Rodolfo Sánchez Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra 《PloS one》2015,10(10)
The Urumaco stratigraphic sequence, western Venezuela, preserves a variety of paleoenvironments that include terrestrial, riverine, lacustrine and marine facies. A wide range of fossil vertebrates associated with these facies supports the hypothesis of an estuary in that geographic area connected with a hydrographic system that flowed from western Amazonia up to the Proto-Caribbean Sea during the Miocene. Here the elasmobranch assemblages of the middle Miocene to middle Pliocene section of the Urumaco sequence (Socorro, Urumaco and Codore formations) are described. Based on new findings, we document at least 21 taxa of the Lamniformes, Carcharhiniformes, Myliobatiformes and Rajiformes, and describe a new carcharhiniform species (†Carcharhinus caquetius sp. nov.). Moreover, the Urumaco Formation has a high number of well-preserved fossil Pristis rostra, for which we provide a detailed taxonomic revision, and referral in the context of the global Miocene record of Pristis as well as extant species. Using the habitat preference of the living representatives, we hypothesize that the fossil chondrichthyan assemblages from the Urumaco sequence are evidence for marine shallow waters and estuarine habitats. 相似文献
80.
Anna Santoro Javier Conde Morena Scotece Vanessa Abella Ana Lois Veronica Lopez Jesus Pino Rodolfo Gomez Juan J. Gomez-Reino Oreste Gualillo 《PloS one》2015,10(8)