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41.
MM El-Shazly El Elzayat IIA El-Sebeay YA Edmardash MM Soliman 《African Journal of Aquatic Science》2016,41(3):289-296
Manzala Lake, as one of the main Egyptian wetland ecosystems, is facing risks of pollution. An in vitro cytotoxicity test using a mammalian cell line was employed to determine the toxicity of multiple pollutants in the water and Tilapia zillii fish sampled from the lake. The concentrations of seven polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and ten polychlorinated dibenzofurans were investigated in water and muscle of the fish in 2014. Cytotoxicity testing showed that the percentage inhibition of cell viability in the studied sites ranged between 56.16% and 83.22%. Dioxin analysis indicated that the average concentrations of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzofuran were higher than the toxic equivalence quotients (TEQs) set by the World Health Organization (WHO) in all water and fish muscle samples; however, the average concentration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran was higher only in fish muscle samples. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) ranged dramatically between 2 and 58.5 for the detected dioxins. Adverse human health effects through the consumption of fish are not expected, because dioxin levels in fish muscle are deemed safe for human consumption. Implementation of a strategic multidisciplinary action plan is strongly recommended to sustain this delta wetland ecosystem. 相似文献
42.
Carmelo Rigano Giovanni Aliotta Vittoria di Martino Rigano 《Archives of microbiology》1975,104(1):297-299
Two strains of Cyanidium caldarium, one able to utilize nitrate as a substrate, and the other not, were tested for the presence of enzymes of ammonia assimilation. The nitrate-assimilating strain exhibits glutamate dehydrogenase activity. By contrast, the other strain lacks glutamate dehydrogenase; it possesses high alanine dehydrogenase and l-alanine aminotransferase activities which suggest that this strain may incorporate ammonia through reductive amination of pyruvate and may form glutamate from 2-ketoglutarate by a transamination reaction with alanine. Neither strain reveals glutamate synthase activity. Both strains contain similar levels of glutamine synthetase. 相似文献
43.
Summary Cells of Cyanidium caldarium grown with ammonia or ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source do not contain appreciable nitrate reductase activity. The alga develops the capacity to synthesize the enzyme when it is transferred from the ammonium medium to a nitrogen-free medium. Nitrate is not needed as an inducer and no enhancement in the rate of enzyme synthesis is observed when it is present. By contrast, whereas the synthesis of the enzyme in nitrogen-free medium proceeds at an increasing rate, in the nitrate medium it attains a stationary level after a short time.Nitrate grown cells possess variable amount of inactive nitrate reductase (from 9 to 60%) whereas in nitrogen-free medium the enzyme occurs principally in a fully active form. Addition of ammonia inactivates reversibly the preexisting enzyme. The inactive enzyme is measurable in the crude extract after activation by heating.It is suggested that in Cyanidium the inactivating effect of ammonia, which is the end product of nitrate reduction, in association with the repression of enzyme controls the level of nitrate reductase activity. 相似文献
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Sans résuméI. Analyse électrocapillaire des matières colorantes. Rev. gén. Mat. Col. 1926 Vol. 30 pp 34–45II. Phénomènes électrocapillaires et le problème du cancer. Arch. Med. Exper. 1926 Vol. I p 381III. Phénomènes électrocapillaires et l'antagonismes microbiens. Bol. Istituto Sier. Milano 1927 Vol. VI p 313. 相似文献
47.
In the companion paper (Holmquist et al. 1988), we concluded that there is
no agreement on either the correct branching order or differential rates of
evolution among the higher primates, and we examined in depth why this
uncertainty in the evolutionary understanding of our closest living
relatives persists. Recently, Lake developed two novel methods, based on
group properties of transition and transversion operators, that (a) permit,
in principle, objective resolution of problems of the above type and (b)
attach a statistical significance level to the conclusions drawn. In the
present paper, we develop formulas for using these two methods in tandem
and apply them to study transversion differences in (1) nuclear DNA for a
7-kb segment of the psi eta-globin locus and a 3-kb intergenic region
between the psi beta- and delta- globin loci and (2) mitochondrial DNA for
the 896-bp fragment of Brown et al. Although each of these nucleotide
sequence regions has its characteristic tempo and mode of evolution, the
nuclear and mitochondrial data together, comprising a total of 10,939 base
positions, support a Homo/Pan clade at the 97% confidence level. If we
calibrate the divergence point for humans and chimpanzees at 5 Myr,
consideration of the transversion branch lengths for the combined nuclear
data indicates that the gorilla lineage branched off 600,000- 900,000 years
prior to that, although the 2 sigma sampling errors do not preclude either
a temporal trifurcation for the three species or a considerably more
ancient branch point for the gorilla. To resolve the length of this central
branch to a relative accuracy of 25% and 30% will require a factor of 16
and nine times more data, respectively-- i.e., in excess of 100,000
homologous nucleotides for each of the four primates. For the nuclear
genes, heterogeneity in evolutionary rates between different parts of the
genome is mostly restricted to the human lineage for these two segments.
The lineage leading to chimpanzees has evolved 0.4 (3-kb fragment) to 3.5
(7-kb segment) times as rapidly as the lineage leading to humans, and that
leading to the gorilla has evolved approximately one-fifth to one-half as
rapidly as that leading to chimpanzees. Thus, even local molecular clocks
can "tick" badly. As significant is the fact that virtually contiguous
parts of the genome tick at markedly different rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
400 WORDS)
相似文献
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49.
Annemarie MM Vlaar Marinus JPG van Kroonenburgh Alfons GH Kessels Wim EJ Weber 《BMC neurology》2007,7(1):27
Background
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. One of the most widely used techniques to diagnose PD is a Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography (SPECT) scan to visualise the integrity of the dopaminergic pathways in the brain. Despite this there remains some discussion on the value of SPECT in the differential diagnosis of PD. We did a meta-analysis of all the existing literature on the diagnostic accuracy of both pre- and post-synaptic SPECT imaging in the differential diagnosis of PD. 相似文献50.
Torres PS Malamud F Rigano LA Russo DM Marano MR Castagnaro AP Zorreguieta A Bouarab K Dow JM Vojnov AA 《Environmental microbiology》2007,9(8):2101-2109
Virulence of the black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is regulated by cell-cell signalling involving the diffusible signal factor DSF. Synthesis and perception of DSF require products of genes within the rpf cluster (for regulation of pathogenicity factors). RpfF directs DSF synthesis whereas RpfC and RpfG are involved in DSF perception. Here we have examined the role of the rpf/DSF system in biofilm formation in minimal medium using confocal laser-scanning microscopy of GFP-labelled bacteria. Wild-type Xcc formed microcolonies that developed into a structured biofilm. In contrast, an rpfF mutant (DSF-minus) and an rpfC mutant (DSF overproducer) formed only unstructured arrangements of bacteria. A gumB mutant, defective in xanthan biosynthesis, was also unable to develop the typical wild-type biofilm. Mixed cultures of gumB and rpfF mutants formed a typical biofilm in vitro. In contrast, in mixed cultures the rpfC mutant prevented the formation of the structured biofilm by the wild-type and did not restore wild-type biofilm phenotypes to gumB or rpfF mutants. These effects on structured biofilm formation were correlated with growth and disease development by Xcc strains in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. These findings suggest that DSF signalling is finely balanced during both biofilm formation and virulence. 相似文献