全文获取类型
收费全文 | 671篇 |
免费 | 34篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
708篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 13篇 |
2018年 | 24篇 |
2017年 | 14篇 |
2016年 | 26篇 |
2015年 | 31篇 |
2014年 | 32篇 |
2013年 | 50篇 |
2012年 | 62篇 |
2011年 | 31篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 22篇 |
2008年 | 31篇 |
2007年 | 36篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 4篇 |
1963年 | 3篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有708条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
In Neurospora crassa, multinucleate macroconidia are used for genetic transformation. The barrier for such a transformation can be either at the
cell membrane level or at the nuclear membrane level. For assessment of these possibilities, a forced heterokaryon (containing
two genetically marked nuclei and auxotrophic for histidine) of Neurospora crassa was transformed with a plasmid containing his-3
+ gene. The transformants, which could grow without histidine supplementation, were then resolved into component homokaryons
to determine into which nucleus or nuclei the plasmid had entered. Our results suggest that the barrier for transformation
in Neurospora crassa is at the nuclear level, not at the cell membrane level. In a heterokaryon containing two genetically distinct nuclei, plasmid
DNA integrated into only one of the nuclear types at any instance, but never into both nuclear types. Thus, in Neurospora crassa, the competent nucleus is essential for the transformation event to take place, and at a given time only one type of nucleus
is competent to take up the exogenous DNA. Genomic Southern analysis showed that the transformants harbor both ectopic and
homologous integrations of the plasmid DNA. The type and number of integrations were reflected at the post-translational level,
since the specific activity of histidinol dehydrogenase (the translation product of his-3
+ gene) was variable among several transformants and always less than the level of the wild type.
Received: 24 July 2001 / Accepted: 15 August 2001 相似文献
52.
Amelt solidification technique has been developed to obtain sustained-release waxy beads of flurbiprofen. Low glass transition
temperature (t
g) and shear-induced crystallization of flurbiprofen made it a suitable candidate for melt solidification technique. The process
involved emulsification and solidification of flurbiprofen-cetyl alcohol melt at significantly low temperature (5°C). The
effect of variables, namely, the amount of cetyl alcohol and the speed of agitation, was studied using 32 factorial design. The technique and the beads were evaluated on the basis of process and desired yield, surface topography,
Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), particle size distribution, crushing strength,
and drug release. Average values for process and desired yields were 97% wt/wt and 26% wt/wt, respectively. No interaction
was observed between drug and excipient. Multiple regression analysis was carried out, and response surfaces were obtained.
A curvilinear relationship was observed between percentage of desired yield and the amount of cetyl alcohol. Linear decrease
in crushing strength was observed with increase in the amount of cetyl alcohol. Drug released from the beads followed zero
order kinetics. Burst release was shown to a greater extent in beads containing a lower amount of cetyl alcohol. Response
surfaces of time required for certain percentage of drug (t
D%) showed that after critical concentration of about 20% of cetyl alcohol (400 mg/batch), no significant release retardant
effect was observed. 相似文献
53.
Saleem Q Choudhry S Mukerji M Bashyam L Padma MV Chakravarthy A Maheshwari MC Jain S Brahmachari SK 《Human genetics》2000,106(2):179-187
Expansion of CTG/CAG trinucleotide repeats has been shown to cause a number of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA) such as SCA1, SCA2, SCA3/ MJD, SCA6, SCA7, SCA8 and DRPLA. There is a wide variation in the clinical phenotype and prevalence of these ataxias in different populations. An analysis of ataxias in 42 Indian families indicates that SCA2 is the most frequent amongst all the ADCAs we have studied. In the SCA2 families, together with an intergenerational increase in repeat size, a horizontal increase with the birth order of the offspring was also observed, indicating an important role for parental age in repeat instability. This was strengthened by the detection of a pair of dizygotic twins with expanded alleles showing the same repeat number. Haplotype analysis indicates the presence of a common founder chromosome for the expanded allele in the Indian population. Polymorphism of CAG repeats in 135 normal individuals at the SCA loci studied showed similarity to the Caucasian population but was significantly different from the Japanese population. 相似文献
54.
Cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide is shown to exert carcinogenic effects in rodents; however, its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we showed the effect of cypermethrin on protein expression involved in neoplastic transformation in mouse skin. Comparative protein expression profiles between untreated control and cypermethrin-treated mouse skin were explored using 2-DE. A total of 27 spots that were statistically significant (p<0.05) and differentially expressed in response to cypermethrin exposure were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF and LC-MS/MS. Among them, six up-regulated proteins (carbonic anhydrase 3 (Ca 3), Hsp-27, S100A6, galectin-7, S100A9, S100A11) and one down-regulated protein (superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (Sod 1)) are associated with cancer-related key processes. These selected dysregulated proteins were further validated in 2-DE gels of mouse skin treated with known tumorigens (benzo-[a]-pyrene, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate and mezerein), respectively. Comparative studies showed that Ca 3, S100A6, S100A9, S100A11 and Sod 1 are specific for stages of development and progression of tumors whereas Hsp-27 and galectin-7 are specific for tumor promotion stage by cypermethrin in mouse skin. Furthermore, these chosen proteins confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were consistent with changes in 2-DE check. This proteomic investigation for the first time provides key proteins that will contribute in understanding the mechanism behind cypermethrin-induced neoplastic transformation. 相似文献
55.
Trehalose Toxicity in Cuscuta reflexa: Cell Wall Synthesis Is Inhibited upon Trehalose Feeding 下载免费PDF全文
α,α-Trehalose induced a rapid blackening of the terminal 2.5-centimeter region of excised Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. vine. The incorporation of radioactivity from [14C]glucose into alkali-insoluble fraction of shoot tip was markedly inhibited by 12 hours of trehalose feeding to an excised vine. This inhibition was confined to the apical segment of the vine in which cell elongation occurred. The rate of blackening of shoot tip explants was hastened by the addition of gibberellic acid A3, which promoted elongation growth of isolated Cuscuta shoot tips. The symptom of trehalose toxicity was duplicated by 2-deoxyglucose, which has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of cell wall synthesis in yeast. The observations suggest that trehalose interferes with the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides, the chief component of which was presumed to be cellulose. 相似文献
56.
Activation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor‐tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: a novel mechanism for the homeostatic regulation of rapid eye movement sleep 下载免费PDF全文
57.
Two new pregnane ester glycosides designated as pallidine and pallidinine have been isolated from the dried twigs of Pergularia pallida. Chemical and spectroscopic evidences are consistent with the structure 12,20-di-O-benzoyl sarcostin-3-O-β-d-oleandroside and 12,20-di-O-benzoyl-sarcostin-3-O-β-d-cymaropyranosyl(1 → 4)-β-d-oleandropyranoside for pallidine and pallidinine respectively. 相似文献
58.
Ram Krishna Thakur Vinod Kumar Yadav Akinchan Kumar Ankita Singh Krishnendu Pal Luke Hoeppner Dhurjhoti Saha Gunjan Purohit Richa Basundra Anirban Kar Rashi Halder Pankaj Kumar Aradhita Baral MJ Mahesh Kumar Alfonso Baldi Bruno Vincenzi Laura Lorenzon Rajkumar Banerjee Praveen Kumar Viji Shridhar Debabrata Mukhopadhyay Shantanu Chowdhury 《Nucleic acids research》2014,42(18):11589-11600
59.
S. flexneri is the leading cause of bacillary dysentery in the developing countries. Several temperate phages originating from this host have been characterised. However, all S. flexneri phages known to date are lambdoid phages, which have the ability to confer the O-antigen modification of their host. In this study, we report the isolation and characterisation of a novel Mu-like phage from a serotype 4a strain of S. flexneri. The genome of phage SfMu is composed of 37,146 bp and is predicted to contain 55 open reading frames (orfs). Comparative genome analysis of phage SfMu with Mu and other Mu-like phages revealed that SfMu is closely related to phage Mu, sharing >90% identity with majority of its proteins. Moreover, investigation of phage SfMu receptor on the surface of the host cell revealed that the O-antigen of the host serves as the receptor for the adsorption of phage SfMu. This study also demonstrates pervasiveness of SfMu phage in S. flexneri, by identifying complete SfMu prophage strains of serotype X and Y, and remnants of SfMu in strains belonging to 4 other serotypes, thereby indicating that transposable phages in S. flexneri are not uncommon. The findings of this study contribute an advance in our current knowledge of S. flexneri phages and will also play a key role in understanding the evolution of S. flexneri. 相似文献
60.
Jacqueline Y. Quinn Robert Sidney Cox III Aaron Adler Jacob Beal Swapnil Bhatia Yizhi Cai Joanna Chen Kevin Clancy Michal Galdzicki Nathan J. Hillson Nicolas Le Novère Akshay J. Maheshwari James Alastair McLaughlin Chris J. Myers Umesh P Matthew Pocock Cesar Rodriguez Larisa Soldatova Guy-Bart V. Stan Neil Swainston Anil Wipat Herbert M. Sauro 《PLoS biology》2015,13(12)
Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) Visual is a graphical standard for genetic engineering. It consists of symbols representing DNA subsequences, including regulatory elements and DNA assembly features. These symbols can be used to draw illustrations for communication and instruction, and as image assets for computer-aided design. SBOL Visual is a community standard, freely available for personal, academic, and commercial use (Creative Commons CC0 license). We provide prototypical symbol images that have been used in scientific publications and software tools. We encourage users to use and modify them freely, and to join the SBOL Visual community: http://www.sbolstandard.org/visual. 相似文献