全文获取类型
收费全文 | 563篇 |
免费 | 47篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 23篇 |
2015年 | 23篇 |
2014年 | 21篇 |
2013年 | 27篇 |
2012年 | 49篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 22篇 |
2009年 | 14篇 |
2008年 | 17篇 |
2007年 | 24篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 22篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 19篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1958年 | 5篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
1942年 | 3篇 |
1929年 | 4篇 |
1920年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有610条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Tiago V. Pereira Lilian Kimura Yasushi Suwazono Hideaki Nakagawa Makoto Daimon Toshihide Oizumi Takamasa Kayama Takeo Kato Liao Li Shufeng Chen Dongfeng Gu Wilfried Renner Winfried März Yoshiji Yamada Pantelis G. Bagos Regina C. Mingroni-Netto 《Molecular biology reports》2014,41(5):3113-3125
The objective of the present study was to review previous investigations on the association of haplotypes in the G-protein β3 subunit (GNB3) gene with representative cardiovascular risk factors/phenotypes: hypertension, overweight, and variation in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively) and as well as body mass index (BMI). A comprehensive literature search was undertaken in Pubmed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Biological Abstracts, LILACS and Google Scholar to identify potentially relevant articles published up to April 2011. Six genetic association studies encompassing 16,068 participants were identified. Individual participant data were obtained for all studies. The three most investigated GNB3 polymorphisms (G-350A, C825T and C1429T) were considered. Expectation–maximization and generalized linear models were employed to estimate haplotypic effects from data with uncertain phase while adjusting for covariates. Study-specific results were combined through a random-effects multivariate meta-analysis. After carefully adjustments for relevant confounding factors, our analysis failed to support a role for GNB3 haplotypes in any of the investigated phenotypes. Sensitivity analyses excluding studies violating Hardy–Weinberg expectations, considering gender-specific effects or more extreme phenotypes (e.g. obesity only) as well as a fixed-effects “pooled” analysis also did not disclose a significant influence of GNB3 haplotypes on cardiovascular phenotypes. We conclude that the previous cumulative evidence does not support the proposal that haplotypes formed by common GNB3 polymorphisms might contribute either to the development of hypertension and obesity, or to the variation in the SBP, DBP and BMI. 相似文献
102.
Luming Yang Dal‐Hoe Koo Dawei Li Tao Zhang Jiming Jiang Feishi Luan Susanne S. Renner Elizabeth Hénaff Walter Sanseverino Jordi Garcia‐Mas Josep Casacuberta Douglas A. Senalik Philipp W. Simon Jinfeng Chen Yiqun Weng 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2014,77(1):16-30
In the large Cucurbitaceae genus Cucumis, cucumber (C. sativus) is the only species with 2n = 2x = 14 chromosomes. The majority of the remaining species, including melon (C. melo) and the sister species of cucumber, C. hystrix, have 2n = 2x = 24 chromosomes, implying a reduction from n = 12 to n = 7. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated chromosome synteny among cucumber, C. hystrix and melon using integrated and complementary approaches. We identified 14 inversions and a C. hystrix lineage‐specific reciprocal inversion between C. hystrix and melon. The results reveal the location and orientation of 53 C. hystrix syntenic blocks on the seven cucumber chromosomes, and allow us to infer at least 59 chromosome rearrangement events that led to the seven cucumber chromosomes, including five fusions, four translocations, and 50 inversions. The 12 inferred chromosomes (AK1–AK12) of an ancestor similar to melon and C. hystrix had strikingly different evolutionary fates, with cucumber chromosome C1 apparently resulting from insertion of chromosome AK12 into the centromeric region of translocated AK2/AK8, cucumber chromosome C3 originating from a Robertsonian‐like translocation between AK4 and AK6, and cucumber chromosome C5 originating from fusion of AK9 and AK10. Chromosomes C2, C4 and C6 were the result of complex reshuffling of syntenic blocks from three (AK3, AK5 and AK11), three (AK5, AK7 and AK8) and five (AK2, AK3, AK5, AK8 and AK11) ancestral chromosomes, respectively, through 33 fusion, translocation and inversion events. Previous results (Huang, S., Li, R., Zhang, Z. et al., 2009 , Nat. Genet. 41, 1275–1281; Li, D., Cuevas, H.E., Yang, L., Li, Y., Garcia‐Mas, J., Zalapa, J., Staub, J.E., Luan, F., Reddy, U., He, X., Gong, Z., Weng, Y. 2011a, BMC Genomics, 12, 396) showing that cucumber C7 stayed largely intact during the entire evolution of Cucumis are supported. Results from this study allow a fine‐scale understanding of the mechanisms of dysploid chromosome reduction that has not been achieved previously. 相似文献
103.
Eckhard Wolf Christina Braun-Reichhart Elisabeth Streckel Simone Renner 《Transgenic research》2014,23(1):27-38
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged into a steadily increasing health problem and the predicted future dimension of the global DM epidemic is alarming: an increase from currently 346 million to over 400 million affected people worldwide by the year 2030 was extrapolated. Thus concerted research efforts are imperative to gain insight into disease mechanisms and to expand the basis for development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. Diabetic rodent models have traditionally been used to follow these goals, but have limitations for translational research. The pig is another classical animal model for diabetes research. Genetic engineering now facilitates tailoring pig models which mimic human disease mechanisms at the molecular level. This article reviews the existing genetically engineered pig models for diabetes research and their current and future applications. Further, the potential role of the pig as donor of pancreatic islets for xenotransplantation or as host for growing human pancreas is outlined. 相似文献
104.
105.
O. Renner 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1920,22(3):221-223
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
106.
The emergence of novel viral pathogens can lead to devastating consequences in the infected population. However, on occasion, rare hyper-responsive elite controllers are able to mount a protective primary response to infection and clear the new pathogen. Factors distinguishing elite controllers from other members of the population are not completely understood. We have been using Theiler''s murine encephalomyelitis as a model of primary infection in mice and clearance of the virus is limited to one MHC genotype capable of generating a protective response to a single viral peptide VP2121-130. The genetics of host susceptibility to TMEV, a natural mouse pathogen, has been studied extensively and non-protective CD8 responses to other peptides have been documented, however, little is known why the protective response to infection focuses on the VP2121-130 peptide. To study this question, we have generated TMEV mutants that encode for mutations within the VP2121-130 peptide. We find that very few of mutants are able to assemble and infect in vitro. These mutations are not related to virus RNA structure since non-coding mutations do not interfere with assembly. In the rare event when functional VP2121-130 mutant viruses did emerge, they were attenuated to some level or retained the ability to develop an immune response to the wild-type VP2121-130 sequence, demonstrating that the virus is incapable of escaping the protective response. These findings advance our understanding of how characteristics of the host immune response and an infectious agent can interact to lead to the appearance of rare super controllers in a population. Furthermore, the immutable nature of the viral antigen highlights the importance of choosing appropriate vaccine antigens and has implications for the development of agents that are able to generate protective CD8 T-cell responses. 相似文献
107.
The capillaries were studied in tenotonized human muscles after tenotomy or spontaneous rupture of the tendon. The mean capillary area was not significantly different in the patients with tenotomy, or with spontaneous rupture of the tendon, as compared to intact muscles. The mean basement membrane area as a percentage of total capillary area was significantly larger and the size capillary lumen significantly smaller in the injured than in the intact muscles. The alterations of the capillaries were time-dependent. 相似文献
108.
During batch culture of photoautotrophic cells of Chenopodiumrubrum under long-day illumination regime a growth phase ofthree weeks was followed by a stationary phase of another sixweeks. During the growth phase two thirds of the nitrate and85 percent of the in the medium were consumed. Uptake of both ions was only observed duringthe light period. Nitrate reductase (but none of the other enzymesof nitrate assimilation) exhibited pronounced diurnal fluctuationsabove a basic activity. Both the basic and the superimposeddiurnally oscillating activity slowly but continuously declinedand virtually disappeared in cultures older than seven weeks.The oscillations were due to light triggered protein synthesis.However, nitrate uptake from the medium or remobilization from the vacuole was a prerequisitefor the de-novo synthesis of NR, suggesting the requirementof a metabolic pool of nitrate for the inductiveprocess. Uptake as well as remobilization of depended pivotally on the presence of comparativelyhigh concentrations of ammonium (20 mM) in the medium. (Received March 22, 1988; Accepted July 20, 1988) 相似文献
109.
110.