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31.
32.
Localization of proteoglycan monomer and link protein in the matrix of bovine articular cartilage: An immunohistochemical study 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
A R Poole I Pidoux A Reiner L H Tang H Choi L Rosenberg 《The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry》1980,28(7):621-635
Using monospecific antisera and immunofluorescence microscopy, proteoglycan monomer (PG), and link proteins were demonstrated throughout the extracellular matrix of bovine articular cartilage. A narrow band of strong pericellular staining was usually observed for both molecules, indicating a pericellular concentration of proteoglycan monomer: this conclusion was supported by dye-binding studies. Whereas PG was evenly distributed throughout the remaining matrix, more link protein was detectable in interterritorial sites in middle and deep zones. Well-defined zones of weaker territorial staining for link protein stained strongest for chondroitin sulfate. Trypsin treatment of cartilage resulted in a loss of most of the PG staining, but some selective retention of link protein, particularly around chondrocytes in the superficial zone at and near the articular surface. This residual staining was largely removed if sections were fixed after chondroitinase treatment. After extraction of cartilage with 4M guanidine hydrochloride, only PG remained and this was concentrated in the superficial zone. These observations are shown to support the concept of aggregation of PG and link protein with hyaluronic acid (HA) in cartilage matrix, and the binding of PG and link protein to HA, which is attached to the chondrocyte surface. Culture of cartilage depleted of PG and link protein by trypsin demonstrated that individual chondrocytes can secrete both PG and link proteins and that the organization of cartilage matrix can be regenerated in part over a period of 4 days. 相似文献
33.
Proteoglycans from bovine nasal cartilage. Properties of a soluble form of link protein. 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
L H Tang L Rosenberg A Reiner A R Poole 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1979,254(20):10523-10531
34.
M Reiner G Sigurdsson V Nunziata M A Malik G W Poole G F Joplin 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1976,2(6050):1473-1476
In studies of calcium metabolism in 13 unselected patients with untreated sarcoidosis all were normocalcaemic but five had hypercalcuria. All had normal renal function. Calcium absorption was indexed by a double isotope test. 45Ca hyperabsorption occurred in six patients. Ten kinetic studies were carried out with 47Ca and in six bone turnover was increased. 45Ca absorption correlated well with the calculated bone uptake rate of calcium, and with urine calcium excretion. These results suggest that in sarcoidosis abnormalities in calcium metabolism are fairly common although they rarely result in sustained hypercalcaemia. 相似文献
35.
Reiner Protsch 《Journal of human evolution》1975,4(4):297-322
In the evolution of anatomically modern man and his subspecies most specialists have concentrated on investigating geographical areas other than Africa as the possible area of origin.In this study 20 fossil hominids and associated faunal remains from South and East Africa were dated by microanalysis, radiocarbon, and amino-acid dating in order to see whether modern man appears later, was sympatric, or even predated Neandertal man.These dates indicate that anatomically modern man occurs sympatrically and possibly even predates the Rhodesian group of Neandertals in Africa. Modern man might also be contemporary to and possibly even predate the occurrence of Neandertal in Europe.This would indicate that modern man did not evolve from but possibly gave rise to the Neandertals as off-shoots.Two possibilities for the evolution of modern man are suggested. First, that Homo sapiens capensis evolved about 90,000 to 100,000 years ago from possibly Homo erectus by way of a “basic” Homo sapiens and later gave rise to Homo sapiens rhodesiensis, Homo sapiens afer, and possibly Homo sapiens palestinus around 50,000 years ago with Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens capensis evolving separately from Homo erectus. In this case Homo neanderthalensis would be a different species from Homo sapiens which includes Homo sapiens capensis, Homo sapiens rhodesiensis, Homo sapiens afer, and possibly Homo sapiens palestinus.Secondly, Homo sapiens capensis evolved by way of a “basic” Homo sapiens with Homo sapiens rhodesiensis and Homo sapiens palestinus branching off from Homo sapiens capensis around 50,000 years ago. Before that, around 90,000 to 100,000 years ago Homo sapiens capensis evolved first and was then followed by Homo sapiens neanderthalensis from a “basic” Homo sapiens stock, but diverged. This means, all Neandertals, Homo sapiens capensis, Homo sapiens sapiens and Homo sapiens afer can be considered as subspecies of Homo sapiens.The author favors the first scheme since on relative dating grounds the existence of Neandertal man in Europe before the earliest date of Homo sapiens capensis and a “basic” Homo sapiens seems to be fairly well documented. Irrespective of either one of these possibilities, modern man evolved in Africa and seems to have migrated into Europe and other parts of the world.New absolute dating techniques are mentioned in detail like the new radiocarbon-collagen method and amino acid dating. 相似文献
36.
The induction of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and tolerance to DTH against bovine insulin in mice were explored. DTH was induced with insulin in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and was assessed by ear swelling in vivo and by antigen-driven cell proliferation in vitro. Using the concept that thymus cell unresponsiveness is most easily accomplished via antigen on syngeneic membranes, tolerance was induced by iv injection of syngeneic lymphoid cells which had been coupled to insulin with carbodiimide. Mice tolerized with insulin-coupled cells and then sensitized with insulin-CFA had diminished ear swelling in vivo and decreased insulin-driven cell proliferation in vitro. This unresponsiveness was antigen specific but was also inconstant in degree with regard to suppression of ear swelling, most likely because of variability in coupling of insulin to cells. Proliferative responses were more uniformly suppressed, suggesting the possibility that two target cells were being tolerized. Thus, as with other proteins, the biologically active insulin can be used to induce tolerance. 相似文献
37.
The reaction of halflanthanidocene aryloxides CpR′Ln(OArtBu,R)2 (Ln = Y, La, Lu; CpR′ = C5Me5, C4Me4H; R = H, Me) and halflanthanidocene alkoxides [(C5Me5)Ln(OCH2CMe3)2]2 (Ln = Y, Lu) with trimethylaluminum (TMA) was investigated. Monomeric CpR′Ln(OArtBu,R)2, derived from the ortho-tBu-substituted OC6H2tBu2-2,6-R-4 (R = H, Me) ligands, form mono(tetramethylaluminate) complexes CpR′Ln(OArtBu,R)(AlMe4) for the smaller lanthanide metal centers yttrium and lutetium. Such an [aryloxide] → [aluminate] ligand exchange was not observed at the larger lanthanum metal center. The mobility of the tetramethylaluminate ligands of complexes CpR′Ln(OArtBu,R)(AlMe4) (Ln = Y, Lu) was examined by variable-temperature (VT) 1H NMR spectroscopy, revealing two signals for bridging and terminal methyl groups at lower temperatures. The treatment of complexes CpR′Ln(OArtBu,R)(AlMe4) with donor solvent d8-THF gave CpR′Ln(OArtBu,R)(Me)(d8-THF)2 (Ln = Y, Lu) with terminal methyl groups, according to a donor-induced aluminate cleavage reaction. Dimeric [(C5Me5)Ln(OCH2CMe3)2]2 (Ln = Y, Lu) was synthesized from (C5Me5)Ln(NiPr2)2(THF) and reacted with two equivalents of TMA per Ln center to yield monomeric bis(TMA) adduct complexes (C5Me5)Ln(OCH2CMe3)2(AlMe3)2(Ln = Y, Lu). VT NMR spectroscopic studies confirmed a high mobility of the Ln(μ-OCH2CMe3)(μ-Me)AlMe2 moieties at an ambient temperature. Both bis(TMA) adduct complexes were characterized by X-ray structure analysis. 相似文献
38.
39.
Luise Ehlers Karen Bannert Sarah Rohde Peggy Berlin Johannes Reiner Mats Wiese Julia Doller Markus M. Lerch Ali A. Aghdassi Fatuma Meyer Luzia Valentini Ottavia Agrifoglio Cornelia C. Metges Georg Lamprecht Robert Jaster 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2020,24(15):8304-8314
Muscle wasting represents a constant pathological feature of common chronic gastrointestinal diseases, including liver cirrhosis (LC), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic cancer (PC), and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Recent clinical and experimental studies point to the existence of a gut‐skeletal muscle axis that is constituted by specific gut‐derived mediators which activate pro‐ and anti‐sarcopenic signalling pathways in skeletal muscle cells. A pathophysiological link between both organs is also provided by low‐grade systemic inflammation. Animal models of LC, IBD, CP and PC represent an important resource for mechanistic and preclinical studies on disease‐associated muscle wasting. They are also required to test and validate specific anti‐sarcopenic therapies prior to clinical application. In this article, we review frequently used rodent models of muscle wasting in the context of chronic gastrointestinal diseases, survey their specific advantages and limitations and discuss possibilities for further research activities in the field. We conclude that animal models of LC‐, IBD‐ and PC‐associated sarcopenia are an essential supplement to clinical studies because they may provide additional mechanistic insights and help to identify molecular targets for therapeutic interventions in humans. 相似文献
40.
Yao Hu Adrienne M. Stilp Caitlin P. McHugh Shuquan Rao Deepti Jain Xiuwen Zheng John Lane Sébastian Méric de Bellefon Laura M. Raffield Ming-Huei Chen Lisa R. Yanek Marsha Wheeler Yao Yao Chunyan Ren Jai Broome Jee-Young Moon Paul S. de Vries Brian D. Hobbs Alexander P. Reiner 《American journal of human genetics》2021,108(5):874-893