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排序方式: 共有117条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
102.
Priming: getting ready for battle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prime-A-Plant Group Conrath U Beckers GJ Flors V García-Agustín P Jakab G Mauch F Newman MA Pieterse CM Poinssot B Pozo MJ Pugin A Schaffrath U Ton J Wendehenne D Zimmerli L Mauch-Mani B 《Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI》2006,19(10):1062-1071
Infection of plants by necrotizing pathogens or colonization of plant roots with certain beneficial microbes causes the induction of a unique physiological state called "priming." The primed state can also be induced by treatment of plants with various natural and synthetic compounds. Primed plants display either faster, stronger, or both activation of the various cellular defense responses that are induced following attack by either pathogens or insects or in response to abiotic stress. Although the phenomenon has been known for decades, most progress in our understanding of priming has been made over the past few years. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of priming in various induced-resistance phenomena in plants. 相似文献
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Constance Mehlgarten Daniel Jablonowski Karin D. Breunig Michael J. R. Stark Raffael Schaffrath 《Molecular microbiology》2009,73(5):869-881
In yeast, the role for the Elongator complex in tRNA anticodon modification is affected by phosphorylation of Elongator subunit Elp1. Thus, hyperphosphorylation of Elp1 due to inactivation of protein phosphatase Sit4 correlates with Elongator-minus phenotypes including resistance towards zymocin, a tRNase cleaving anticodons of Elongator-dependent tRNAs. Here we show that zymocin resistance of casein kinase hrr25 mutants associates with hypophosphorylation of Elp1 and that nonsense suppression by the Elongator-dependent SUP4 tRNA is abolished in hrr25 or sit4 mutants. Thus changes that perturb the evenly balanced ratio between hyper- and hypophosphorylated Elp1 forms present in wild-type cells lead to Elongator inactivation. Antagonistic roles for Hrr25 and Sit4 in Elongator function are further supported by our data that Sit4 inactivation is capable of restoring both zymocin sensitivity and normal ratios between the two Elp1 forms in hrr25 mutants. Hrr25 binds to Elongator in a fashion dependent on Elongator partner Kti12. Like sit4 mutants, overexpression of Kti12 triggers Elp1 hyperphosphorylation. Intriguingly, this effect of Kti12 is blocked by hrr25 mutations, which also show enhanced binding of Kti12 to Elongator. Collectively, our data suggest that rather than directly targeting Elp1, the Hrr25 kinase indirectly affects Elp1 phosphorylation states through control of Sit4-dependent dephosphorylation of Elp1. 相似文献
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106.
Quang Hien Le Raffael Jovine Paul Markovic David Morse 《Biological Rhythm Research》2001,32(5):579-594
The levels of peridinin-chlorophyll a -protein (PCP) mRNA, apoprotein and protein bound with peridinin (holoprotein) were measured as a function of circadian time in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra to test involvement of this protein in the circadian oxygen evolution rhythm. This involvement was suggested by previous work showing that synthesis of PCP was rhythmic in vivo and in phase with the three-fold rhythm of oxygen evolution. However, Gonyaulax contains six PCP isoforms, only one of which was previously examined. In this report, we extend our analysis to two additional isoforms to encompass roughly 90% of the total cellular PCP. We confirm that synthesis of two additional PCP isoforms is rhythmic in vivo and show that this regulation appears to occur at a translational level as found for two other regulated proteins in this organism. However, PCP is unlikely to be implicated in the oxygen evolution rhythm since both PCP protein levels and the amount of chromophore (OD480) bound to protein (OD280) are constant over a circadian period. 相似文献
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Teresa Ke?ler Arne Cierjacks Raffael Ernst Frank Dziock 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2012,21(1):281-296
Alpine landscapes are heavily influenced by ski run management, which can have severe impacts on alpine biodiversity. To assess
these impacts on alpine Orthoptera, we compared species richness and species abundance in 41 plot pairs on ski runs and adjacent
off-slope control plots in three ski resorts in Austria and Germany. A mixed modelling approach was used to assess the impacts
of ski run preparation, artificial snow-making and environmental variables such as altitude, cover of dwarf shrubs and the
application of fertilizer. Ski run plots showed a significantly lower species richness and number of individuals than control
plots. Moreover, artificial snow led to a further decrease in species number. Hierarchical variance partitioning revealed
that Orthoptera community composition is best predicted by environmental variables indirectly related to ski run management
(fertilization, cover of dwarf shrubs) and to altitude. Only one out of five species significantly decreased in abundance
after artificial snow-making. Other species were more sensitive to fertilizing and altitude. Dwarf shrubs were negatively
associated with ski run management but positively associated with abundance of three species and species richness. Our data
provide evidence for both direct and indirect consequences of ski runs and artificial snow-making on alpine Orthoptera. Overall,
Orthoptera communities are suitable indicators for human-induced changes in alpine environments. In particular, a shift towards
generalist species such as Chorthippus parallelus along with a decrease in typical alpine species gives cause for concern as this implies a homogenisation of biodiversity
owing to ski run management. 相似文献
109.
Karl‐Heinz Jungfer Julián Faivovich José M. Padial Santiago Castroviejo‐Fisher Mariana M. Lyra Bianca V. M. Berneck Patricia P. Iglesias Philippe J. R. Kok Ross D. MacCulloch Miguel T. Rodrigues Vanessa K. Verdade Claudia P. Torres Gastello Juan Carlos Chaparro Paula H. Valdujo Steffen Reichle Jiří Moravec Václav Gvoždík Giussepe Gagliardi‐Urrutia Raffael Ernst Ignacio De la Riva Donald Bruce Means Albertina P. Lima J. Celsa Señaris Ward C. Wheeler Célio F. B. Haddad 《Zoologica scripta》2013,42(4):351-380
Spiny‐backed tree frogs of the genus Osteocephalus are conspicuous components of the tropical wet forests of the Amazon and the Guiana Shield. Here, we revise the phylogenetic relationships of Osteocephalus and its sister group Tepuihyla, using up to 6134 bp of DNA sequences of nine mitochondrial and one nuclear gene for 338 specimens from eight countries and 218 localities, representing 89% of the 28 currently recognized nominal species. Our phylogenetic analyses reveal (i) the paraphyly of Osteocephalus with respect to Tepuihyla, (ii) the placement of ‘Hyla’ warreni as sister to Tepuihyla, (iii) the non‐monophyly of several currently recognized species within Osteocephalus and (iv) the presence of low (<1%) and overlapping genetic distances among phenotypically well‐characterized nominal species (e.g. O. taurinus and O. oophagus) for the 16S gene fragment used in amphibian DNA barcoding. We propose a new taxonomy, securing the monophyly of Osteocephalus and Tepuihyla by rearranging and redefining the content of both genera and also erect a new genus for the sister group of Osteocephalus. The colouration of newly metamorphosed individuals is proposed as a morphological synapomorphy for Osteocephalus. We recognize and define five monophyletic species groups within Osteocephalus, synonymize three species of Osteocephalus (O. germani, O. phasmatus and O. vilmae) and three species of Tepuihyla (T. celsae, T. galani and T. talbergae) and reallocate three species (Hyla helenae to Osteocephalus, O. exophthalmus to Tepuihyla and O. pearsoni to Dryaderces gen. n.). Furthermore, we flag nine putative new species (an increase to 138% of the current diversity). We conclude that species numbers are largely underestimated, with most hidden diversity centred on widespread and polymorphic nominal species. The evolutionary origin of breeding strategies within Osteocephalus is discussed in the light of this new phylogenetic hypothesis, and a novel type of amplexus (gular amplexus) is described. 相似文献
110.
Göran Köber Raffael Kalisch Lara M.C. Puhlmann Andrea Chmitorz Anita Schick Harald Binder 《Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift》2023,65(6):2100381
When modeling longitudinal biomedical data, often dimensionality reduction as well as dynamic modeling in the resulting latent representation is needed. This can be achieved by artificial neural networks for dimension reduction and differential equations for dynamic modeling of individual-level trajectories. However, such approaches so far assume that parameters of individual-level dynamics are constant throughout the observation period. Motivated by an application from psychological resilience research, we propose an extension where different sets of differential equation parameters are allowed for observation subperiods. Still, estimation for intra-individual subperiods is coupled for being able to fit the model also with a relatively small dataset. We subsequently derive prediction targets from individual dynamic models of resilience in the application. These serve as outcomes for predicting resilience from characteristics of individuals, measured at baseline and a follow-up time point, and selecting a small set of important predictors. Our approach is seen to successfully identify individual-level parameters of dynamic models that allow to stably select predictors, that is, resilience factors. Furthermore, we can identify those characteristics of individuals that are the most promising for updates at follow-up, which might inform future study design. This underlines the usefulness of our proposed deep dynamic modeling approach with changes in parameters between observation subperiods. 相似文献