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81.
K Kertesz-Chaloupková PJ Walser JD Granado M Aebi U Kües 《Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B》1998,23(1):95-109
Monokaryotic mycelia of the homobasidiomycete Coprinus cinereus form asexual spores (oidia) constitutively in abundant numbers. Mycelia with mutations in both mating type loci (Amut Bmut homokaryons) also produce copious oidia but only when exposed to blue light. We used such an Amut Bmut homokaryon to define environmental and inherent factors that influence the light-induced oidiation process. We show that the Amut function causes repression of oidiation in the dark and that light overrides this effect. Similarly, compatible genes from different haplotypes of the A mating type locus repress sporulation in the dark and not in the light. Compatible products of the B mating type locus reduce the outcome of light on A-mediated repression but the mutated B function present in the Amut Bmut homokaryons is not effective. In dikaryons, the coordinated regulation of asexual sporulation by compatible A and B mating type genes results in moderate oidia production in light. Copyright 1998 Academic Press. 相似文献
82.
Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody able to discriminate galectin-1 from galectin-2 and galectin-3 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cornillot JD; Pontet M; Dupuy C; Chadli A; Caron M; Joubert-Caron R; Bourin P; Bladier D 《Glycobiology》1998,8(5):425-432
Antisera raised against galectin-1 exhibit crossreactivities with other
galectins or related molecules. In order to overcome this problem, a
monoclonal antibody to human brain galectin-1 was obtained by selecting
clones without reactivity toward galectin-3. This mAb specifically bound
galectin-1 of various animal origins but neither galectin-2 nor galectin-3.
Western-blotting analysis of soluble human brain extracts after 2D gel
electrophoresis revealed only the two most acidic isoforms of galectin-1.
The ability of this mAb to bind galectin-1/asialofetuin complexes indicates
that its epitope is not localized in the carbohydrate recognition domain of
galectin-1. This particularity induces with efficiency its monospecificity.
相似文献
83.
An anchored restriction-mapping approach applied to the genetic analysis of the Anopheles gambiae malaria vector complex 1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We introduce here a simple approach for rapidly determining restriction
maps for a number of regions of a genome; this involves "anchoring" a map
with a rare restriction site (in this case the seldom-cutting EagI)
followed by partial digestion of a frequent-cutting enzyme (e.g., Sau 3A).
We applied this technology to five species of the Anopheles gambiae
complex. In a single Southern blot we obtained about a 15-kb restriction
map each for the mtDNA, rRNA gene, and a scnDNA region for each of five
species. Phylogenetic analyses of these regions yield trees at odds with
the more traditional chromosome inversion-based trees. The value of the
approach for systematic purposes is the ease with which several large,
independent regions of the genome can be quickly assayed for molecular
variation.
相似文献
84.
Treponema pallidum in gel microdroplets: a novel strategy for investigation of treponemal molecular architecture 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
David L. Cox Darrin R. Akins Stephen F. Porcella Michael V. Norgard Justin D. Radolf 《Molecular microbiology》1995,15(6):1151-1164
Controversy exists regarding the constituents and antigenic properties of the Treponema pallidum outer membrane; a major point of contention concerns the cellular location(s) of the spirochaete's lipoprotein immunogens. To address these issues and circumvent problems associated with prior efforts to localize treponemal surface antigens, we developed a novel strategy for investigating T. pallidum molecular architecture. Virulent treponemes were encapsulated in porous agarose beads (gel microdroplets) and then probed in the presence or absence of Triton X-100. Intact., encapsulated treponemes were not labelled by monospecific antisera directed against four major T. pallidum lipoproteins or a candidate T. pailidum outer membrane protein (TpN50) with C-terminal sequence homology to Escherichia coli OmpA or by human or rabbit syphilitic serum. Each of these immunologic reagents, however, labelled encapsulated treponemes co-incubated with detergent. In contrast, antibodies generated against isolated T, pal-lidum outer membranes labelled intact organisms and the pattern of fluorescence was consistent with the distribution of rare outer membrane proteins visualized by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. In addition to providing strong evidence that the protein portions of treponemal lipoproteins are located within the periplasmic space, these studies have extended our understanding of the topographical relationships among T. pallidum cell envelope constituents. They also demonstrate the feasibility of generating antibodies against rare outer membrane proteins and detecting them on the surfaces of virulent treponemes. 相似文献
85.
Treponema pallidum and the quest for outer membrane proteins 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
Justin D. Radolf 《Molecular microbiology》1995,16(6):1067-1073
Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochaete, has a remarkable ability to evade the humoral and cellular responses it elicits in infected hosts. Although formerly attributed to the presence of an outer coat comprised of serum proteins and/or mucopolysaccharides, current evidence indicates that the immuno-evasiveness of this bacterium is largely the result of its unusual molecular architecture. Based upon a combination of molecular, biochemical, and ultrastructural data, it is now believed that the T. pallidum outer membrane (OM) contains a paucity of poorly immunogenic transmembrane proteins (‘rare outer membrane proteins’) and that its highly immunogentc proteins are lipoproteins anchored predominantly to the periplasmic leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane. The presence in the T. pallidum OM of a limited number of transmembrane proteins has profound implications for understanding syphilis pathogenesis as well as treponemal physiology. Two major strategies for molecular characterization of rare outer membrane proteins have evolved. The first involves the identification of candidate OM proteins as fusions with Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. The second involves the characterization of candidate OM proteins identified in outer membranes isolated from virulent T. pallidum. Criteria to define candidate OM proteins and for definitive identification of rare OM proteins are proposed as a guide for future studies. 相似文献
86.
87.
Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi membrane architecture by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12 下载免费PDF全文
Freeze-fracture electron microscopy was used to investigate the membrane architectures of high-passage Borrelia burgdorferi B31 and low- and high-passage isolates of B. burgdorferi N40. In all three organisms, fractures occurred almost exclusively through the outer membrane (OM), and the large majority of intramembranous particles were distributed randomly throughout the concave OM leaflet. The density of intramembranous particles in the concave OM leaflet of the high-passage N40 isolate was significantly greater than that in the corresponding leaflet of the low-passage N40 isolate. Also noted in the OMs of all three organisms were unusual structures, designated linear bodies, which typically were more or less perpendicular to the axis of the bacterium. A comparison of freeze-fractured B. burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete, revealed that the OM architectures of these two pathogens differed markedly. All large membrane blebs appeared to be bounded by a membrane identical to the OM of B. burgdorferi whole cells; in some blebs, the fracture plane also revealed a second bilayer closely resembling the B. burgdorferi cytoplasmic membrane. Aggregation of the lipoprotein immunogens outer surface protein A (OspA) and OspB on the bacterial surface by incubation of B. burgdorferi B31 with specific polyclonal antisera did not affect the distribution of OM particles, supporting the contention that lipoproteins do not form particles in freeze-fractured OMs. The expression of poorly immunogenic, surface-exposed proteins as virulence determinants may be part of the parasitic strategy used by B. burgdorferi to establish and maintain chronic infection in Lyme disease. 相似文献
88.
Testing lack of fit in multiple regression 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
89.