红细胞血影介导7sRNA对大鼠肝癌细胞(CBRH-7919)DNA复制、转录和甲胎蛋白合成的影响

本文总结了用红细胞血影介导正常肝7sRNA进入肝癌细胞的定位及其对细胞DNA复制、转录和蛋白合成的影响。装载~(125)I-78RNA的血影与肝癌细胞融合后,放射自显影标本显示7sRNA在细胞内的分布,主要定位于细胞质,也有见于细胞核内。7sRNA进入细胞后对细胞的DNA复制、转录和蛋白合成有抑制作用。免疫荧光和免疫沉淀法检测肝癌细胞甲胎蛋白合成的结果表明,7sRNA导入晚G_1期同步细胞后继续培养4小时,甲胎蛋白合成减少。由于细胞DNA复制和转录被抑制,在一定程度上影响了甲胎蛋白基因的表达。     

Soya Bean Seed Growth and Maturation In vitro without Pods

Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds, initially between 50and 450 mg f. wt, were grown and matured successfully in vitro.Excised seeds were floated in a liquid medium containing 5 percent sucrose, minerals and glutamine in flasks incubated at25 °C under 300 to 350 µE m^–2 s^–1 fluorescentlight. During 16 to 21 d in culture, seeds grew to a matured. wt of 100 to 600 mg per seed at an average rate of 5 to 25mg d. wt per seed d^–1 depending on initial size. Growthrates were maximal during the first 8 to 10 d in vitro but declinedwith loss of green colour in the cotyledons. Seed coats rupturedwith rapid cotyledon expansion during the first 2 d in culture.Embryos were tolerant to desiccation and 80 to 90 per cent germinatedif removed from culture before complete loss of green colour.The growth of excised seeds in vitro exceeded the growth ofseeds in detached pods, but when windows were cut in pods topermit direct exposure of seeds to the medium, seed growth wascomparable. Glycine max (L.) Merrill, soya bean, seed culture, seed growth, seed maturation, germination     

Isolation and characterization of 12 tetranucleotide repeat microsatellite loci from the green‐backed tit (Parus monticolus)

From a partial genomic library enriched for GATA short tandem repeats, we developed 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci from the green‐backed tit (Parus monticolus). We characterized these loci by genotyping 30 adult individuals with unknown relationship. The number of alleles ranged from four to 17 per locus (mean = 9.3 alleles) and the observed heterozygosity for each locus ranged from 0.633 to 0.933 (mean = 0.789). All loci conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectations. Four of 66 possible pairwise comparisons between loci showed significant gametic disequilibrium.     

Isolation and characterization of tetramicrosatellite DNA markers in the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra)

Eight new tetramicrosatellite loci for Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) were designed. Polymorphism of these eight loci in 29 otter individuals was tested. The results indicated that the allele numbers of each of loci ranged from three to five and the observed heterozygosity from 0.483 to 0.828. These new loci can be useful for population genetic research on otters and help improve the resolution of individual identification using noninvasive method.     

Seeing red: the origin of grain pigmentation in US weedy rice

Weedy forms of crop species infest agricultural fields worldwide and are a leading cause of crop losses, yet little is known about how these weeds evolve. Red rice (Oryza sativa), a major weed of cultivated rice fields in the US, is recognized by the dark‐pigmented grain that gives it its common name. Studies using neutral molecular markers have indicated a close relationship between US red rice and domesticated rice, suggesting that the weed may have originated through reversion of domesticated rice to a feral form. We have tested this reversion hypothesis by examining molecular variation at Rc, the regulatory gene responsible for grain pigmentation differences between domesticated and wild rice. Loss‐of‐function mutations at Rc account for the absence of proanthocyanidin pigments in cultivated rice grains, and the major rc domestication allele has been shown to be capable of spontaneous reversion to a functional form through additional mutations at the Rc locus. Using a diverse sample of 156 weedy, domesticated and wild Oryzas, we analysed DNA sequence variation at Rc and its surrounding 4 Mb genomic region. We find that reversion of domestication alleles does not account for the pigmented grains of weed accessions; moreover, we find that haplotypes characterizing the weed are either absent or very rare in cultivated rice. Sequences from genomic regions flanking Rc are consistent with a genomic footprint of the rc selective sweep in cultivated rice, and they are compatible with a close relationship of red rice to Asian Oryzas that have never been cultivated in the US.     

The 3'-terminal sequence of Bamboo mosaic virus minus-strand RNA interacts with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and initiates plus-strand RNA synthesis

A 3'-terminal, 77-nucleotide sequence of Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) minus-strand RNA (Ba-77), comprising a 5' stem-loop, a spacer and a 3'-CUUUU sequence, can be used to initiate plus-strand RNA synthesis in vitro . To understand the mechanism of plus-strand RNA synthesis, mutations were introduced in the 5' untranslated region of BaMV RNA, resulting in changes at the 3' end of minus-strand RNA. The results showed that at least three uridylate residues in 3'-CUUUU are required and the changes at the penultimate U are deleterious to viral accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts. Results from UV-crosslinking and in vitro RNA-dependent RNA polymerase competition assays suggested that the replicase preferentially interacts with the stem structure of Ba-77. Finally, CMV/83 + UUUUC, a heterologus RNA, which possesses about 80 nucleotides containing the 3'-CUUUU pentamer terminus, and which folds into a secondary structure similar to that of Ba-77, could be used as template for RNA production by the BaMV replicase complex in vitro .     

李温恙螨亚科Subfamily Leeuwenhoekinae的分类修订和一新属的记述(真螨目,恙螨科)(恙螨研究ⅩⅩⅩⅢ)

本文将恙螨科Trombiculidae里的李温恙螨亚科Subfamily Leeuwenhoekinae的分类系统加以修订。到目前为止,该亚科所包含的属,包括本文所叙述的一新属在内,共有八个属:Leeuwenhoekia,Odontacarus,Chatia,Hannemania,Whartonia,Shunsennia,Sasacarus和Multisetosa n.gen.,并编成八个属的检索表加以区分。多毛恙螨属Multisetosa是一个新属,它的主要特征是盾片上有4—6对侧缘刚毛;眼片远离盾片,在二者之间有盾眼毛2根;背刚毛数多而密,往往在100根以上,160根左右。     

小鼠胚胎组织、成体组织和胚胎癌细胞酯酶同功酶谱的比较研究

本文比较了129品系小鼠几种胚胎组织及其相应的成体组织的酯酶同功酶谱。几种胚胎组织都可检测到共同的具有相同迁移率的C区酶带和E区酶带。在这些胚胎组织的功能发育过程中,C区酶带被其它区带所取代;E区酶带在成体组织中有的活性降低,有的完全消失。从这些比较分析中可以观察到酯酶同功酶从“胚胎型”向“成体型”的转变。与这些结果相对应,F9-1和B7-2胚胎癌细胞克隆株及来源于早期胚胎细胞的细胞系细胞也都具有酯酶C和E的活性。     

昆虫线粒体发生的生化和亚显微结构的研究

线粒体在细胞中的发生目前有各种观点的争论,其理论意义涉及到真核细胞的起源和进化、染色体和线粒体两个遗传体系之间的相互关系以及生物膜合成和组装机理等。我们对处于分化中的昆虫胸肌线粒体的观察结果是:(1)对粘虫变态期的呼吸和细胞色素氧化酶活力测定表明蛹期第8天的组织形成阶段是胸肌细胞分化和其线粒体发生的开始。电镜观察表明,线粒体形成分两个阶段:由颗粒结构(可能是酶蛋白与脂的复合体)装配成膜片和膜泡;由膜泡分化出内嵴,进而发育为线粒体。(2)QO₂值,P/O比和ATP酶活力的出现与膜结构的分化发育相平行。α-甘油磷酸氧化酶系统比谷氨酸氧化酶系统装配早;电子传递酶系比磷酸化酶系装配早。(3)蝗虫胸肌分化过程的电镜观察证明;先形成内膜小泡(直径约0.1微米左右),后形成外膜,组成简单线粒体;后者进一步分化发育为成熟线粒体。(4)QO₂值,P/O比和ATP酶活力与膜结构分化发育相平行。ATP酶的出现与能量转涣功能呈平行关系。膜形成早期和“幼稚”线粒体阶段,ATP酶尚未装配。(5)综合上述结果:线粒体膜由非膜结构逐步组装形成,线粒体内膜的各酶系组装次序不同步,线粒体DNA控制合成的膜蛋白在膜结构形成中似乎起核心和骨架作用;线粒体总组装过程在不同细胞中表现为多种途径和方式。