人体单臂间歇运动对发汗调定点的影响

本工作系在微小气候相对恒定条件下,对10名健康男青年每人进行四项实验。实验 Ⅰ 为测定双侧腿足浸入43℃水中,诱发左前臂屈侧显现定量汗点时的口腔温度(舌下)阈值,作为发汗调定点参考值(ToSSP);实验 Ⅱ 为 Ⅰ 附加右臂间歇轻负荷运动(77W)时测定 ToSSP,部分对象还记录了皮肤电反应;实验 Ⅲ、Ⅳ 为 Ⅰ、Ⅱ 均附加4.5m/s 气流(22—25℃)直吹头面部,再分别测定 ToSSP。实验 Ⅰ 与 Ⅱ 同体对照22人次,Ⅲ 与 Ⅳ 同体对照24人次。结果表明,实验 Ⅱ、Ⅳ 的 ToSSP 均值及其潜伏期均值分别较 Ⅰ、Ⅲ 者降低(P<0.01)或缩短(P<0.001);Ⅰ、Ⅱ间的 ToSSP 均值差、潜伏期均值差,分别与 Ⅲ、Ⅳ 之间者无显著差异(P>0.2);Ⅱ、Ⅳ 的ToSSP 均值各与其实验开始前的口温均值亦无明显差异(P>0.5)。此结果支持运动时体温调定点下降的论点,并提示在研究体温调定点活动时,以 ToSSP 为指标较用发汗速率为优越,因 ToSSP 不为许多干扰因素所影响。     

Seasonal plasticity in growth and development of the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria (Satyrinae)

Regulation of growth and development by photoperiod was studied in a population of the speckled wood butterfly, Purarge aegeria L. (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae), from southern Sweden. Individuals were reared in a range of photoperiodic regimes (9L. to 22L) and temperatures (13°C to 21° C). Plasticity was found for important life-history traits- generation time, growth rate and final weight and seasonal regulation of development in response to photoperiod was found to occur at two levels. Purarge aegeria hibernates as a third instar larva or in the pupal stage, cantering one of four major developmental pathways in response to photoperiod: (1) direct development in both the larval and pupal stages, (2) pupal winter diapause with or (3) without a preceding larval summer diapause, or (4) larval winter diapause. In addition to this high-level regulation of individual development, larval growth rate and pupal development rate also appear to be finally regulated by photoperiod within each major pathway. As photoperiods decreased from 22 h to 17 h at 17° C, growth rate among directly developing larvae increased progressively, as was the case for larva? developing according to a univoltine life cycle from 17 h to 14 h. At two photoperiods, 13 h and 16 h (corresponding to shifts between major pathways), both larval and pupal development were extremely variable with the fastest individuals developing directly and the slowest developing with a diapause. This indicates a gradual nature of diapause itself, suggesting that the two level may not he fundamentally different.     

Search for the optimal sequence of the ribosome binding site by random oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis.

Synthetic DNA duplexes corresponding to the ribosome binding site (RBS) were synthesized through the phosphite method on solid support. The synthetic RBS DNA with partial random sequences was inserted into an appropriate site between the lpp-lac promoter and the beta-galactosidase structural gene in plasmid pMKT2. The level of beta-galactosidase expression was correlated with the color intensity of the recombinant colonies on X-gal plates. The bluest colonies were isolated and characterized with respect to beta-galactosidase enzyme activity and RBS sequence. There was good correlation between color intensity and the level of the enzyme activity, and this provided a reliable phenotypic screening method in the search for the optimal regulatory sequences. Novel RBS sequences obtained here show not only the unique nucleotide distribution, but also strong complemetarity to the 3' end region of 16S rRNA, from which could be deduced a generalized RBS sequence, the position of the SD region, and the 16S rRNA position mediated during translation initiation.     

Genetic organization and nucleotide sequence of the stability locus of IncFII plasmid NR1

The stability (stb) locus of IncFII plasmid NR1 was mapped to a 1700 base-pair NaeI-TaqI restriction fragment. A series of unstable plasmids that contained insertion, deletion, and point mutations that inactivated the stability function was isolated. The unstable point mutants examined were all stabilized (complemented) in trans by a copy of the wild-type stb locus, suggesting that the mutations had inactivated diffusible gene products. The nucleotide sequence of the stb locus contained two tandem open reading frames, designated stbA and stbB, that encoded essential trans-acting protein products with predicted sizes of 36,000 Mr and 13,000 Mr, respectively. A third open reading frame, stbC, that could encode a peptide of 8000 Mr was contained within stbB in the complementary DNA strand. Plasmid-encoded proteins of 36,000 Mr and 13,000 Mr were identified in minicell experiments as the products of stbA and stbB, respectively. Unstable deletion mutants that retained the promoter proximal region of the stb locus upstream from stbA but had deleted both stbA and stbB were stabilized in trans by plasmids that could supply StbA and StbB. In contrast, deletion mutants that had lost the stbAB promoter region were not complemented in trans, indicating that this region contained an essential cis-acting site (or sites). Unlike some other loci that mediate stable plasmid inheritance, cloned copies of the wild-type stb locus of NR1 did not exert strong incompatibility (i.e. trans destabilization) against other stb+ derivatives of plasmid NR1 present in the same cell.     

灭幼脲引起两种幼虫表皮组织病变的显微观察

本文研究了灭幼脲引起黄粉(虫甲)(Tenebrio mclitor)和粘虫(Mythimna separata)幼虫的中毒征象和组织学病变.低剂量能引起幼虫蜕皮障碍,但看不到明显的组织学病变.高剂量处理,不仅引起了严重的中毒征象,而且伴有明显的组织学病变:内表皮生长停滞,真皮细胞排列异常,在内表皮和真皮细胞之间出现附加层和球状颗粒.对这些现象进行了较细致的讨论.     

Serum IgE levels in rats infected with Paragonimus westermani]

Paragonimus westermani is a common fluke in Korea. The present study aimed to determine serum total IgE and specific IgG levels in experimental paragonimiasis of rats. Each Wistar rat was inoculated orally with 20-25 metacercariae of P. westermani from Cambaroides similis. Before and after infection (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 weeks) of P. westermani, the blood was collected from the retro-orbital venous plexus of rats and kept serum at -70 degrees C. Serum total IgE and specific IgG levels were determined by the capture and conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The results were as follows; 1. Serum IgE values were increased to 0.18 +/- 0.042 at 2 weeks, 0.28 +/- 0.151 at 4 weeks and 0.43 +/- 0.055 at 8 weeks after infection. The absorbances of non-infected rats ranged 0.07 +/- 0.021-0.12 +/- 0.025. 2. Specific IgG values were slightly increased at 3 weeks (0.20 +/- 0.032) and gradually increased up to 8 weeks (0.31 +/- 0.067) after infection. The absorbances of non-infected rats ranged 0.11 +/- 0.035-0.18 +/- 0.019. The present results suggested that P. westermani could elevate serum IgE and specific IgG antibodies in Wistar rats which were not a good definitive host.     

Artificial Induction and Evaluation of a Mild Isolate of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

A severe isolate (BL) of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) that originated from Hawaii was treated with nitrous acid in an effort to obtain mild mutants. The standardized procedure used in mutation experiments was: extracting infected Gomphrena globosa L. leaf tissue in 0.01 M Na₂SO₃, 0.125 M sodium acetate and 0.4 M sodium nitrite at pH 5.5 and incubating the extract for 20 min at room temperature. The extract was inoculated to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Havana 423) and local lesions were subsequently transferred to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Minetto). One isolate (R27G) that incited mild symptoms in lettuce was obtained out of 868 local-lesion-transfers. Under greenhouse conditions, the isolate induced mild symptoms on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) but was severe on peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). The effect of the R27G isolate on growth of potted tomatoes kept outdoors was variable. In one trial, only 15 % of the fruit had symptoms versus 67 % in another trial. R27G fully protected Datura stramonium L. plants that were challenge inoculated with the severe parent BL isolate. Less effective cross protection was observed against a severe isolate from Oklahoma.