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131.
Kati Hanhineva Ilana Rogachev Anna-Marja Aura Asaph Aharoni Kaisa Poutanen Hannu Mykk?nen 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2012,8(3):399-409
Rye (Secale cereale) is among the richest dietary sources of lignan phytochemicals. Lignans are one of the suggested metabolite groups to contribute to the beneficial health effects of whole grain products evidenced in epidemiological studies. So far, the complete repertoire of lignan derivatives in rye, especially in the bran, has not been fully described. In this study, ten novel oligomeric sesqui- and dilignans were identified in rye bran by the use of high resolution LC?CMS analysis (i.e., UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS). Putative identification of lignan components in the bran was performed by combining: (i) detailed inspection of the fragmentation behavior of available standard compounds belonging to different lignan types, (ii) interpretation of MS/MS data obtained from unknown metabolites in the samples. This combined analysis, particularly detailed MS/MS characterization, is most valuable for non-targeted assays in metabolite-rich matrices such as plant extracts, in which the verification of identity with authentic standards for each detected metabolite is normally not possible. Metabolomics analysis will increasingly aid in deciphering the active compounds in dietary products as part of studies aiming at elucidating the link between human health and nutrition. 相似文献
132.
Developing taste buds in the anterior mandibular floor of perihatching
chicks were studied by high voltage electron microscopic autoradiography in
order to identify proliferating gemmal cell types. Montaged profiles of 29
taste buds in five cases euthanized between embryonic day 21 and
posthatching day 2 were analyzed after a single [3H]thymidine injection
administered on embryonic day 16, 17 or 18. Results showed that dark cells
comprised 55% of identified (n = 900 cells) and 62% of labeled (n = 568
cells) gemmal cells as compared with light, intermediate, basal or
perigemmal bud cells. Dark cells had both a greater (P < 0.05) number of
labeled cells and a greater amount of label (grains/nucleus) than the other
four bud cell types, irrespective of injection day. The nuclear area
(micron 2) of dark cells was not significantly larger (P > 0.05) than
that of the other gemmal cell types and therefore cannot account for the
greater amount for label in the dark cells. Interestingly, only dark cells
showed a positive correlation (P < 0.003) between amount of label and
nuclear area. Results suggest that, during the perihatching period of
robust cell proliferation, dividing dark cells may give rise primarily, but
not exclusively, to dark cell progeny.
相似文献
133.
The major rivers of the South African ‘Lowveld’ (low-latitude savanna) suffer numerous impacts from upstream economic activities. Whereas monitoring these rivers is required to detect biodiversity losses, record pollution events and devise mitigation strategies, current monitoring programmes are inadequate. In 2009, the South African Earth Observation Network initiated an intensive long-term research programme on the Lowveld reaches of the Olifants River. Physico-chemical parameters, aquatic macroinvertebrates and fish abundances were recorded at four Lowveld sites in the Olifants River. We review six years of this programme. The results suggest deterioration in the ecological condition of the Olifants River with no discernible improvement through protected areas. Trends could not be detected. The parameters measured, sampling methods and/or sampling frequency might be responsible for the limited trends observed, or alternatively the results simply reflect stable conditions despite on-going pollution. Real time monitoring and an expansion in the parameters monitored would add value to the monitoring programme. 相似文献
134.
M Poutanen O M?entausta V Isomaa P Jouppila R Vihko 《The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology》1992,43(4):311-317
To study the possibility of using antipeptide antibodies for the immunohistochemical determination of human estrogen receptors (ER), three peptides corresponding to the putative major antigenic regions of the human ER (Met12-Leu26, or ERP1; Thr227-Gln267, or ERP2; Leu256-Gly275, or ERP3) were used to produce site-specific rabbit polyclonal antipeptide antisera. High titer antibodies were obtained against all the peptides used, as judged by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. The antibodies against region D (ERP3) specifically immunoprecipitated the ER proteins in vitro, as did the antiERP2 antibodies to a much smaller extent. With one of the region D-specific antibodies (antiERP3 Ab2) ER could also be immunohistochemically detected. When benign and malignant human breast and normal endometrial tissues were used, the immunohistochemical staining observed with these antipeptide antibodies correlated well with the staining obtained with an established method. Thus, the results reported here show that this part of region D in ER is a potential antigenic epitope for the production of site-specific antibodies against ER. Antipeptide antibodies produced against this region can be used to immunolocalize the ER in various normal and pathological human tissues. 相似文献
135.
Sheena D. Singh-Babak Tomas Babak Stephanie Diezmann Jessica A. Hill Jinglin Lucy Xie Ying-Lien Chen Susan M. Poutanen Robert P. Rennie Joseph Heitman Leah E. Cowen 《PLoS pathogens》2012,8(5)
The evolution of drug resistance has a profound impact on human health. Candida glabrata is a leading human fungal pathogen that can rapidly evolve resistance to echinocandins, which target cell wall biosynthesis and are front-line therapeutics for Candida infections. Here, we provide the first global analysis of mutations accompanying the evolution of fungal drug resistance in a human host utilizing a series of C. glabrata isolates that evolved echinocandin resistance in a patient treated with the echinocandin caspofungin for recurring bloodstream candidemia. Whole genome sequencing identified a mutation in the drug target, FKS2, accompanying a major resistance increase, and 8 additional non-synonymous mutations. The FKS2-T1987C mutation was sufficient for echinocandin resistance, and associated with a fitness cost that was mitigated with further evolution, observed in vitro and in a murine model of systemic candidemia. A CDC6-A511G(K171E) mutation acquired before FKS2-T1987C(S663P), conferred a small resistance increase. Elevated dosage of CDC55, which acquired a C463T(P155S) mutation after FKS2-T1987C(S663P), ameliorated fitness. To discover strategies to abrogate echinocandin resistance, we focused on the molecular chaperone Hsp90 and downstream effector calcineurin. Genetic or pharmacological compromise of Hsp90 or calcineurin function reduced basal tolerance and resistance. Hsp90 and calcineurin were required for caspofungin-dependent FKS2 induction, providing a mechanism governing echinocandin resistance. A mitochondrial respiration-defective petite mutant in the series revealed that the petite phenotype does not confer echinocandin resistance, but renders strains refractory to synergy between echinocandins and Hsp90 or calcineurin inhibitors. The kidneys of mice infected with the petite mutant were sterile, while those infected with the HSP90-repressible strain had reduced fungal burden. We provide the first global view of mutations accompanying the evolution of fungal drug resistance in a human host, implicate the premier compensatory mutation mitigating the cost of echinocandin resistance, and suggest a new mechanism of echinocandin resistance with broad therapeutic potential. 相似文献