拟巫山淫羊藿的megastigmane糖苷和苯丙醇类成分

为了解拟巫山淫羊藿(Epimedium pseudowushaneseB. L. Guo)的化学成分,其从地上部分水提物中分离得到2个megastigmane糖苷和4个苯丙醇类化合物。通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为淫羊藿次苷B6(1)、megastigman-5-ene-3,9-diol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2)、丁香酚芸香糖苷(3)、2-羟基-1-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-1-丙酮(4)、2,3-二羟基-1-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-1-丙酮(5)、2,3-二羟基-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-丙酮(6)、二氢松柏基醇γ-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(7)。其中化合物2和7为新化合物,所有化合物均为首次从拟巫山淫羊藿中分离得到。     

Description of Longidorus fagi n. sp. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida) with an identification key to the species of the genus occurring in Bulgaria

Longidorus fagi n. sp. is described from Vitosha Mountain, Bulgaria, where it was found in soil around roots of Fagus sylvatica L. The new species is characterised by its medium size, narrow anteriorly rounded lip region which is offset from the body by a very slight depression, large amphidial pouches which are distinctly bilobed at the base, and a conoid-elongate tail which is ventrally curved with a narrow, rounded terminus. L. fagi resembles L. nirulai, L. distinctus, L. curvatus and L. fragilis, An identification key for species of the genus Longidorus present in Bulgaria is provided.     

New data on Longidorus aetnaeus Roca, Lamberti, Agostinelli & Vinciguerra, 1986 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Iran and Ajaria (Georgia)

Longidorus aetnaeus Roca, Lamberti, Agostinelli & Vinciguerra, 1986 is reported for the first time from Iran and Ajaria (Georgia). Morphological and morphometric data are provided for two Iranian and one Ajarian populations. The D2–D3 region of 28S rDNA for both Iranian populations was sequenced for the first time and the data reported. A detailed study of juveniles of L. aetnaeus from Iran, Georgia and Bulgaria demonstrated that this species develops through three juvenile stages. Furthermore, phylogenetic studies inferred from sequences for the D2–D3 region of 28S rRNA gene revealed that L. aetnaeus is most closely related to L. leptocephalus.     

Longidorus poessneckensis Altherr, 1974 and L. piceicola Lišková, Robbins & Brown, 1997 (Nematoda: Longidoridae): new records from Poland and the first description of the L. poessneckensis male and a bivulval female

Longidorus poessneckensis Altherr, 1974 and L. piceicola Lišková, Robbins & Brown, 1997 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) represent new records from Poland. These two species are described and illustrated together with a male and bivulval female of L. poessneckensis. In its general morphology and morphometrics, the male of L. poessneckensis is similar to the females, but has a spicule 100 μm long and one adanal pair, two double and a row of six single ventromedian supplements. Comments on the differential diagnosis of L. poessneckensis and two morphologically related species, L. uroshis Krnjaić, Lamberti, Krnjaić, Agostinelli & Radicci, 2000 and L. macrosoma Hooper, 1961 are given.     

Heavy Metals in Antarctic Notothenioid Fish from South Bay, Livingston Island, South Shetlands (Antarctica)

The Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Mn contents of the liver, spleen, muscle, bones, scales, gills, and the whole body of 3- to 7-year-old notothenioid Antarctic cod (Notothenia coriiceps, Richardson, 1844) were measured. The highest heavy metal concentrations obtained are as follows: Cd in liver, the mean value was 1.36 ± 0.19 mg/kg dry weight (wt); Pb and Zn in spleen, the mean values were 3.33 ± 0.86 and 143.97 ± 16.17 mg/kg dry wt, respectively; Cu in gills, 3.76 ± 1.16 mg/kg dry wt; and Mn in scales, 14.80 ± 4.77 mg/kg dry wt. The comparison with the data reported up to now shows that the metal concentrations varied within relative wide ranges. These first data obtained could be used as a baseline to investigate further relationships among metal contents in fish, their diet, and habitat.     

外源性磷酸肌酸对重度窒息新生儿血清S-100B 蛋白 及NSE 水平的影响

目的:探讨外源性磷酸肌酸对重度窒息新生儿血清S-100B蛋白和特异性神经元烯醇化酶含量(NSE)的影响。方法:重度窒息的新生儿40例,随机分为两组,常规治疗组21例,给予一般治疗(氧疗、支持、对症)和胞二磷胆碱治疗。磷酸肌酸治疗组19例,在常规治疗基础上,生后12h内给予磷酸肌酸治疗1g/d),另外同期住院的新生儿湿肺和黄疸患儿14例为正常对照组。均与生后48h和生后10天取血检测血清S-100B蛋白和NSE含量。并于生后第14天进行新生儿行为神经测定(NBNA评分)。结果:磷酸肌酸治疗组和常规治疗组患儿生后48h血清S-100B蛋白和NSE含量无显著差异(※P>0.05,※P>0.05),与正常对照组比较差异具有显著性(△P<0.05,△P<0.05),生后10天血清S-100B和NSE含量在常规治疗组患儿和磷酸肌酸组相比具有显著差异,磷酸肌酸治疗组两者明显下降(※P<0.05,※P<0.05)。生后三周的行为神经评估(NBNA评分)<35分者所占百分比磷酸肌酸治疗组27%与常规治疗组组53%比较,差异均具有显著性意义(x2=6.112,※P<0.05)。结论:磷酸肌酸用于治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病能够改善脑的能量代谢,降低脑损伤的程度,改善神经行为,降低致残率。     

Studies of the genus Enchodelus Thorne, 1939 (Nematoda, Nordiidae) from Arctic polar deserts. 1. Species with long odontostyle: E. makarovae sp. n. and E. groenlandicus (Ditlevsen, 1927) Thorne, 1939, with an identification key to the species of the E. macrodorus group

Two nematode species of the genus Enchodelus Thorne, 1939, one new and one known from Arctic polar deserts were studied. Enchodelus makarovaesp. n. is an amphimictic species, characterised by females with body length of 1.57-2.00 mm, lip region 15-17.5 μm wide, amphid duplex, odontostyle 38-43 μm long or 2.3-2.8 times lip region diam. Odontophore with flanges, 1.2-1.4 times as long as odontostyle; pharynx length 320-377 μm, pharyngeal expansion 113-130 μm long or 32-37% of total pharynx length; female genital system amphidelphic, uterus tripartite, pars refringens vaginae with two trapezoid sclerotisations, vulva a transverse slit (V=45-51%); tail bluntly conoid (25-35 μm, c=45.8-70.3, c'=0.6-0.9 in females, and 29-33 μm, c=46.4-58.9, c'=0.7-0.8 in males). Males with 65-74 μm long spicules and 10-12 spaced ventromedian supplements. Additional information for Enchodelus groenlandicus is provided, this being a new geographic record for the Putorana Plateau, Russian Arctic.