Molecular Characterization of a Barley Gene Induced by Cold Treatment

A cDNA library was made from low positive temperature (6 ?C/2?C) grown barley shoot meristems. Several genes which are differentiallyexpressed, as measured by mRNA abundance, were selected fromthe library using a differential screen. This paper reportsan analysis of in vivo expression in several cultivars, theDNA sequence, copy number and chromosomal location of one gene(BLT14). In addition, genomic restriction fragment length polymorphismfor this gene in the 10 most widely UK-grown spring and 9 mostwidely UK-grown winter barley cultivars is analysed. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, low temperature, RFLP, differential expression, cDNA sequence     

Rats,pigs and men: disturbance and diversity in the New Guinea highlands

A trapping study of four species of Rattus and three of Melomys in rainforest and grassland habitats revealed differences in altitudinal distribution and in both gross and subtle habitat selection between species. The species are ranked on a scale of increasing opportunism on the basis of various demographic characteristics (e.g. reproductive rate, life span and population density). Species judged to be more opportunistic occur in habitats subject to more intense disturbance from pigs and humans. It is argued that changes in the pattern of species coexistence have followed overt human impact in the New Guinea highlands.     

Persistence and recolonisation determine success of bog restoration for aquatic invertebrates: a comment on Mazerolle et al. (2006)

1. Mazerolle et al. (2006) concluded that some aquatic invertebrate species, including bog‐associated species, readily colonise man‐made bog pools. In contrast, in Dutch bog remnants Van Duinen et al. (2003) found that a considerable number of bog‐associated species do not colonise newly created bog pools. 2. The conclusion of Mazerolle et al. (2006) is based on vagile aquatic invertebrates. Here, we question whether their conclusion can be extended to more sedentary species, which were not captured in the Canadian study, but made up an important part of the invertebrate assemblage in the Dutch study. This discrepancy could be caused by sampling artefacts, low colonisation rates of these species or an incomplete restoration of site conditions. 3. In Canada, chances of recolonisation may be higher than in the Netherlands, as natural and near‐natural bogs are more extensive. In the Netherlands, with low chances of recolonisation, persistence of species may be more important. To disentangle the relative importance of persistence and recolonisation, evaluations of the success of restoration projects need to cover the entire invertebrate assemblage, including both vagile and more sedentary species.     

In vivo control of Mycosphaerella pinodes on pea leaves by a crude bulb extract of Eucomis autumnalis

We previously reported on the in vitro antifungal activity of a crude whole plant extract from Eucomis autumnalis against seven economically important plant pathogenic fungi. A crude extract of the bulb showed similar in vitro mycelial growth inhibition of the same plant pathogenic fungi as well as that of an eighth fungus, Mycosphaerella pinodes, the cause of black spot or Ascochyta blight, in peas. Subsequently, fourth internode leaves were removed from 4 wk old pea plants, placed on moist filter paper in Petri dishes and inoculated with an M. pinodes spore suspension before and after treatment with the extract. The control of Ascochyta blight by different concentrations of the crude E. autumnalis extract was followed in vivo by leaf symptoms over a 6 day period at 20°C in a growth cabinet. The crude extract prevented M. pinodes spore infection of the leaves when the leaves were inoculated with spores both before or after treatment with the extract, confirming complete inhibition of spore germination. The crude E. autumnalis extract showed no phytotoxic reaction on the leaves even at the highest concentration applied.     

Measurement of mass flow of water in the stems of herbaceous plants

Abstract. Heat balance methods of stem flow measurement offer the opportunity to measure directly the mass flow rate of water in plants. We have tested one such approach; the constant power heat balance method of Sakuratani (1981). The results supported his statement of an approximate accuracy of 10% when measuring the transpiration rate of herbaceous plants. The response to sudden changes in stem flow rate is not instantaneous, but investigation of the time constant shows that it decreases as stem flow increases, to the extent that, at flow rates typical of daytime conditions the system is capable of accurately tracking changes in stem flow within 5 min or less.
We describe a new gauge design that is relatively rugged, simple to use with an appropriate digital datalogger and suitable for field use over prolonged periods of time. It does not injure or penetrate the stem, is amenable to continuous and direct recording of the mass flow rate of water in the stem and requires no calibration. A further refinement, which should improve both the accuracy and the dynamic response of the system, is proposed.