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11.
Bao‐Lam Huynh Bevan Emma Huang María Muñoz‐Amatriaín Stefano Lonardi Jansen R. P. Santos Arsenio Ndeve Benoit J. Batieno Ousmane Boukar Ndiaga Cisse Christian Fatokun Francis Kusi Richard Y. Agyare Yi‐Ning Guo Ira Herniter Sassoum Lo Steve I. Wanamaker Shizhong Xu Timothy J. Close Philip A. Roberts 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2018,93(6):1129-1142
Multi‐parent advanced generation inter‐cross (MAGIC) populations are an emerging type of resource for dissecting the genetic structure of traits and improving breeding populations. We developed a MAGIC population for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) from eight founder parents. These founders were genetically diverse and carried many abiotic and biotic stress resistance, seed quality and agronomic traits relevant to cowpea improvement in the United States and sub‐Saharan Africa, where cowpea is vitally important in the human diet and local economies. The eight parents were inter‐crossed using structured matings to ensure that the population would have balanced representation from each parent, followed by single‐seed descent, resulting in 305 F8 recombinant inbred lines each carrying a mosaic of genome blocks contributed by all founders. This was confirmed by single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping with the Illumina Cowpea Consortium Array. These lines were on average 99.74% homozygous but also diverse in agronomic traits across environments. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for several parental traits. Loci with major effects on photoperiod sensitivity and seed size were also verified by biparental genetic mapping. The recombination events were concentrated in telomeric regions. Due to its broad genetic base, this cowpea MAGIC population promises breakthroughs in genetic gain, QTL and gene discovery, enhancement of breeding populations and, for some lines, direct releases as new varieties. 相似文献
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13.
Estimating the Local Value of Non-Timber Forest Products to Pendjari Biosphere Reserve Dwellers in Benin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fifanou G. Vodouhê Ousmane Coulibaly Charlotte Greene Brice Sinsin 《Economic botany》2009,63(4):397-412
Estimating the Local Value of Non-Timber Forest Products to Pendjari Biosphere Reserve Dwellers in Benin. This paper uses an indices method based on participant ranking of species to quantify use–values of Non-Timber Forest Products
(NTFPs) and the socio-economic factors that influence these values for people living around the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve
in Benin. There were 76 species identified that had a high index value to people. The 10 most valued species were Parkia biglobosa, Adansonia digitata, Vitellaria paradoxa, Tamarindus indica, Lannea microcarpa, Vitex doniana, Hibiscus asper, Melochia corchorifolia, Khaya senegalensis, and Diospyros mespiliformis. Species values were influenced by the vegetative form of the species as well as by the gender of a participant and his/her
affiliation to the ethnic group. The study also illustrates that women had a preference for NTFP species with high commercial
and nutritional values, while men preferred plants that provide construction material and medicine. Moreover, the ethnic group
that historically had more contact and interaction with the vegetation valued NTFPs more than any other group. The difference
in value attributed to species by people was also driven by the vertical transmission of ethnobotanical knowledge in the study
area. For long-term biodiversity conservation, it will be useful to involve the needs of all of the local communities in the
design of a management plan and focus attention on the most important species. 相似文献
14.
Badara Cisse Matthew Cairns Ernest Faye Ousmane NDiaye Babacar Faye Cecile Cames Yue Cheng Maguette NDiaye Aminata Collé L? Kirsten Simondon Jean-Francois Trape Oumar Faye Jean Louis NDiaye Oumar Gaye Brian Greenwood Paul Milligan 《PloS one》2009,4(9)
Background
The long terminal half life of piperaquine makes it suitable for intermittent preventive treatment for malaria but no studies of its use for prevention have been done in Africa. We did a cluster randomized trial to determine whether piperaquine in combination with either dihydroartemisin (DHA) or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is as effective, and better tolerated, than SP plus amodiaquine (AQ), when used for intermittent preventive treatment in children delivered by community health workers in a rural area of Senegal.Methods
Treatments were delivered to children 3–59 months of age in their homes once per month during the transmission season by community health workers. 33 health workers, each covering about 60 children, were randomized to deliver either SP+AQ, DHA+PQ or SP+PQ. Primary endpoints were the incidence of attacks of clinical malaria, and the incidence of adverse events.Results
1893 children were enrolled. Coverage of monthly rounds and compliance with daily doses was similar in all groups; 90% of children received at least 2 monthly doses. Piperaquine combinations were better tolerated than SP+AQ with a significantly lower risk of common, mild adverse events. 103 episodes of clinical malaria were recorded during the course of the trial. 68 children had malaria with parasitaemia >3000/µL, 29/671 (4.3%) in the SP+AQ group, compared with 22/604 (3.6%) in the DHA+PQ group (risk difference 0.47%, 95%CI −2.3%,+3.3%), and 17/618 (2.8%) in the SP+PQ group (risk difference 1.2%, 95%CI −1.3%,+3.6%). Prevalences of parasitaemia and the proportion of children carrying Pfdhfr and Pfdhps mutations associated with resistance to SP were very low in all groups at the end of the transmission season.Conclusions
Seasonal IPT with SP+PQ in children is highly effective and well tolerated; the combination of two long-acting drugs is likely to impede the emergence of resistant parasites.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00529620相似文献15.
Fabiano Oliveira Seydou Doumbia Jennifer M. Anderson Ousmane Faye Souleymane S. Diarra Pierre Traoré Moumine Cisse Guimba Camara Koureissi Tall Cheick A. Coulibaly Sibiry Samake Ibrahim Sissoko Bourama Traoré Daouda Diallo Somita Keita Rick M. Fairhurst Jesus G. Valenzuela Shaden Kamhawi 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2009,3(12)
Apart from a single report, the last publication of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Mali dates back more than 20 years. The absence of information on the current status of CL in Mali led us to conduct a cohort study in Kemena and Sougoula, two villages in Central Mali from which cases of CL have been recently diagnosed by Mali''s reference dermatology center in Bamako. In May 2006, we determined the baseline prevalence of Leishmania infection in the two villages using the leishmanin skin test (LST). LST-negative individuals were then re-tested over two consecutive years to estimate the annual incidence of Leishmania infection. The prevalence of Leishmania infection was significantly higher in Kemena than in Sougoula (45.4% vs. 19.9%; OR: 3.36, CI: 2.66–4.18). The annual incidence of Leishmania infection was also significantly higher in Kemena (18.5% and 17% for 2007 and 2008, respectively) than in Sougoula (5.7% for both years). These data demonstrate that the risk of Leishmania infection was stable in both villages and confirm the initial observation of a significantly higher risk of infection in Kemena (OR: 3.78; CI: 2.45–6.18 in 2007; and OR: 3.36; CI: 1.95–5.8 in 2008; P<0.005). The absence of spatial clustering of LST-positive individuals in both villages indicated that transmission may be occurring anywhere within the villages. Although Kemena and Sougoula are only 5 km apart and share epidemiologic characteristics such as stable transmission and random distribution of LST-positive individuals, they differ markedly in the prevalence and annual incidence of Leishmania infection. Here we establish ongoing transmission of Leishmania in Kemena and Sougoula, Central Mali, and are currently investigating the underlying factors that may be responsible for the discrepant infection rates we observed between them.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00344084相似文献16.
17.
Kidgell C Volkman SK Daily J Borevitz JO Plouffe D Zhou Y Johnson JR Le Roch K Sarr O Ndir O Mboup S Batalov S Wirth DF Winzeler EA 《PLoS pathogens》2006,2(6):e57
Discovering novel genes involved in immune evasion and drug resistance in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, is of critical importance to global health. Such knowledge may assist in the development of new effective vaccines and in the appropriate use of antimalarial drugs. By performing a full-genome scan of allelic variability in 14 field and laboratory strains of P. falciparum, we comprehensively identified approximately 500 genes evolving at higher than neutral rates. The majority of the most variable genes have paralogs within the P. falciparum genome and may be subject to a different evolutionary clock than those without. The group of 211 variable genes without paralogs contains most known immunogens and a few drug targets, consistent with the idea that the human immune system and drug use is driving parasite evolution. We also reveal gene-amplification events including one surrounding pfmdr1, the P. falciparum multidrug-resistance gene, and a previously uncharacterized amplification centered around the P. falciparum GTP cyclohydrolase gene, the first enzyme in the folate biosynthesis pathway. Although GTP cyclohydrolase is not the known target of any current drugs, downstream members of the pathway are targeted by several widely used antimalarials. We speculate that an amplification of the GTP cyclohydrolase enzyme in the folate biosynthesis pathway may increase flux through this pathway and facilitate parasite resistance to antifolate drugs. 相似文献
18.
Fadi F. Hamdan Myriam Srour Jose-Mario Capo-Chichi Hussein Daoud Christina Nassif Lysanne Patry Christine Massicotte Amirthagowri Ambalavanan Dan Spiegelman Ousmane Diallo Edouard Henrion Alexandre Dionne-Laporte Anne Fougerat Alexey V. Pshezhetsky Sunita Venkateswaran Guy A. Rouleau Jacques L. Michaud 《PLoS genetics》2014,10(10)
Genetics is believed to have an important role in intellectual disability (ID). Recent studies have emphasized the involvement of de novo mutations (DNMs) in ID but the extent to which they contribute to its pathogenesis and the identity of the corresponding genes remain largely unknown. Here, we report a screen for DNMs in subjects with moderate or severe ID. We sequenced the exomes of 41 probands and their parents, and confirmed 81 DNMs affecting the coding sequence or consensus splice sites (1.98 DNMs/proband). We observed a significant excess of de novo single nucleotide substitutions and loss-of-function mutations in these cases compared to control subjects, suggesting that at least a subset of these variations are pathogenic. A total of 12 likely pathogenic DNMs were identified in genes previously associated with ID (ARID1B, CHD2, FOXG1, GABRB3, GATAD2B, GRIN2B, MBD5, MED13L, SETBP1, TBR1, TCF4, WDR45), resulting in a diagnostic yield of ∼29%. We also identified 12 possibly pathogenic DNMs in genes (HNRNPU, WAC, RYR2, SET, EGR1, MYH10, EIF2C1, COL4A3BP, CHMP2A, PPP1CB, VPS4A, PPP2R2B) that have not previously been causally linked to ID. Interestingly, no case was explained by inherited mutations. Protein network analysis indicated that the products of many of these known and candidate genes interact with each other or with products of other ID-associated genes further supporting their involvement in ID. We conclude that DNMs represent a major cause of moderate or severe ID. 相似文献
19.
Francotte P de Tullio P Podona T Diouf O Fraikin P Lestage P Danober L Thomas JY Caignard DH Pirotte B 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2008,16(23):9948-9956
Taking into account structure-activity relationships obtained with our previous series, new diversely substituted 1,2,4-pyridothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides were designed to obtain novel AMPA potentiators. The aim of this work was focused on the improvement of lipophilicity, which is well known as a critical parameter to obtain in vivo active central nervous system agents. For this purpose, two positions on the pyridine ring were privileged to insert selected groups. Among the synthesized compounds emerged 7-chloro-4-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-e]-[1,2,4]-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (12d), which was evaluated in two memory tests in Wistar rats and showed cognition enhancing effects after intraperitoneal injection at doses as low as 0.3mg/kg. 相似文献
20.
Genome-wide SNP genotyping highlights the role of natural selection in Plasmodium falciparum population divergence 下载免费PDF全文
Daniel E Neafsey Stephen F Schaffner Sarah K Volkman Daniel Park Philip Montgomery Danny A Milner Jr Amanda Lukens David Rosen Rachel Daniels Nathan Houde Joseph F Cortese Erin Tyndall Casey Gates Nicole Stange-Thomann Ousmane Sarr Daouda Ndiaye Omar Ndir Soulyemane Mboup Marcelo U Ferreira Sandra do Lago Moraes Aditya P Dash Chetan E Chitnis Roger C Wiegand Daniel L Hartl Bruce W Birren Eric S Lander Pardis C Sabeti Dyann F Wirth 《Genome biology》2008,9(12):R171-16