Evolutionary transformations of ontogenesis in anuran amphibians

A review of the recent published data on ontogenesis of direct developing and marsupial frogs. The development of these representatives of anuran amphibians seems to be evolutionary advanced and considerably differs from the development of species traditionally used in amphibian embryology.     

Age-related characteristics of cataractogenesis in salmon fry. II. Biochemical characteristics of eye lens during cataractogenesis

We studied biochemical features of the lipid and phospholipid composition and patter of fatty acid spectra in lenses of one and two year old salmons bearing cataracts. The lipid complex of lenses of diseased fish underwent significant changes. Cataractogenesis was accompanied by enhanced free radical oxidation and accumulation of malone dialdehyde in lenses of salmons of various age. The intensification of oxidative processes was synchronized with the decreased level of antioxidant protection (reduced glutathione, vitamins A and E). The activity of Ca(2+)-dependent proteolytic enzymes in lenses was determined and its decrease in the case of cataract was shown.     

Immobilization of champagne yeasts by inclusion into cryogels of polyvinyl alcohol for preventing cell escape from carrier matrix

Wine champagnizing, a process involving the use of champagne yeasts immobilized by inclusion into cryogels of polyvinyl alcohol, has been studied. Treatment of yeast cells with the autoregulatory factor d1 was proposed as a means of preventing the cell escape from the carrier matrix. Such a treatment inhibited growth and proliferation processes in yeasts cells, without affecting the activity of fermentation; the resulting champagne had the same organoleptic and chemical characteristics as its counterparts obtained using traditional techniques.     

Isolation of cobalt-resistant strains of propionic acid bacteria, potent producers of vitamin B12

A method of adaptation to cobalt nitrate at high concentrations allowed us to isolate 46 strains of propionic acid bacteria Propionibacterium acidipropionici, resistant to excessive amounts of Co2+ in the medium. Studies of these strains revealed cultures that were most potent in synthesizing vitamin B12. The yield of vitamin B12 was increased 3 times, compared to parent strains.     

A case of deletion of the short arm of the chromosome 21 (21p-) (christchurch chromosome) discovered prenatally:clinical and cytogenetic data

Results of cytogenetic research of placental villi and amniotic fluid cells culture of the 22-weeks-old fetus with multiple congenital malformations (MCM) are presented. The absence of the short arm in one of the homologue of the chromosome 21 was revealed. Cytogenetic analysis of the fetus father's blood lymphocytes determined the similar chromosome. Further research of the father's karyotype made by FISH-method using specific DNA samples had discovered the absence of subtelomeric parts in the short arm of the chromosome 21 that might be considered as a deletion. It was suggested that the effect of position and interaction of genes could play a key role in appearing of MCM in the fetus in the case when the 21p-chromosome was transferred to it from the healthy parents.     

Using method of DNA microelectrophoresis for the assessment of genotoxic effects of mutagens in cultured human hemopoietic cells

Formation of single- and double strand breaks in DNA which may be discovered by microelectrophoresis in agarose gel is one of the criterion of genetical lesions in cells as a result of apoptosis or of genotoxic agent action. Genotoxic action of nickel chloride at the level of DNA of the individual cells in the initial culture of human embryonic haemopoietic cells was studied. It has been shown that about 2% cells in the studied in vitro populations were in the apoptosis state. Nickel chloride induced increasing of the frequency of formation of electrophoretic tracks of "comet" type with destroyed DNA.     

Cytomorphological characteristics of normal lymphatic gland cell structure

Numerical and qualitative characteristics of cell structure of 87 normal human lymphatic gland cytograms of various age groups have been studied. For each age group distinctive cell profiles of cytograms were established and cytological features of their development and involution have been determined.     

Genetic structure of crucian carp (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Carassius L. 1758) populations of middle-Dnieper basin

Comparative analysis of Middle Dnieper crucian carp's population structure was made by means of biochemical gene marking, cytometry and biological analysis. As a result the structure was found, which may by expounded like association of the genetically related species and forms. This association consists of diploid C. auratus (which predominates in population), C. carassius (which was found in the some of north-eastern reservoirs only) and triploid C. gibelio. In Ukraine the homogeneous populations of C. gibelio can be found on the north-east of Eastern Ukraine only. Though some of individuals maybe present with diploid C. auratus. Besides were found hybrid form: diploid C. auratus-C. carassius and presumably tetraploid C. auratus-C. gibelio and C. gibelio-C. carassius. However in the tetraploid's spectra were absent a number of specific alleles, that marking C. species-one of the parental species of triploid C. gibelio. Therefore presumptive tetraploids have not difference from C. auratus and diploid C. auratus-C. carassius on the gene markers level. Nevertheless they are neatly diagnose by the erythrocytes which have good difference and are bigger then diploid species erythrocytes in 40% (C. auratus-C. gibelio) and 100% (C. gibelio-C. carassius).     

Mutation variability and marker trait inheritance in hybrid-mutant populations F2M2 of winter wheat

Influence of hybrid seed treatment with mutagenes on genetic variability in hybrid populations of the second generation of winter wheat has been investigated. Treatment with mutagenes in moderate doses results in deviation of segregation of marker traits as compared to control towards either increase or decrease of the ratio of recessive allels. It was shown that in crossing combinations with red-ear form as one of the parental components, treatment with gamma rays at the dose of 100 Gy leads to significantly larger deviations of disintegration comparing to control.     

Use of ISSR-markers for determination of convergent evolutionary relations in Fagus genus

Genetic relationships between members of Fagus genus were assessed using ISSR markers and amplification. The taxonomic status of Fagus sylvatica L. and Fagus orientalis LYPSKY. species in Ukraine has been ascertained more precisely. Intraspecies mean genetic distances were compared according to Nei & Li and respective dendrogram was constructed with the complete joining method.