“三生”空间视角下土地利用转型的生态环境效应及驱动力——以甘肃省为例

中国社会经济快速转型背景下土地利用变化所引发的环境问题被广泛关注。以土地利用现状遥感监测数据和统计资料为数据源，借助ArcGIS和SIMCA-P软件平台，基于"三生"空间视角，通过生态环境质量指数测度了1980-2018年甘肃省土地利用转型的生态环境效应，并运用偏最小二乘法揭示生态环境质量演变的驱动机制。研究发现：（1）"三生"空间结构演化和地域分异显著。生产、生活空间集中分布于河西走廊、陇中和陇东黄土高原并呈扩张态势；生态空间主要分布于陇南山地、甘南高原、祁连山地和河西走廊以北地带且整体呈缩减趋势；生产、生活空间的增长源于对生态空间的侵占。（2）生态环境质量改善和恶化趋势并存，整体上经历了先下降后上升的"U"形演化过程；空间上呈"东南高-西北低"的分布特征，空间格局演化具有明显的集聚性。（3）生态建设、科技进步等对生态环境改善具有明显的促进作用；而人口增加、社会消费水平提升在一定程度上加剧了生态环境压力；对外贸易对生态环境的影响具有双面性。     

Variation in Copper Tolerance among Homokaryotic and Dikaryotic Mycelia of Polyporus palustris Berk. et Curt.

Investigations were made of the variation in copper toleranceamong homokaryons and dikaryons originating from one dikaryoticisolate of Polyporus palustris, as shown by their growth onnutrient agar containing copper sulphate, usually at 0.32 Mconcentration (c. 8 per cent of CuSO₄.5H₂O). Homokaryons obtainedby monobasidiospore isolation were crossed and further homokaryonsobtained in the same way. Selection for copper tolerance gavean increase in the second generation, but no further increasein the third; whilst selection for copper sensitivity gave substantialincreases in both second and third generations. It is concludedthat copper tolerance in this fungus is controlled by a numberof genes. It was found that, in this fungus, the copper toleranceof a dikaryon was substantially greater than that of eitherof its constituent homokaryons. It was also found that differentisolates of P. palustris varied very widely in copper tolerance.     

Lipid droplets in the adrenal cortex of the rat. Preservation after tannic acid—paraformaldehyde—glutaraldehyde fixation and extraction during staining

Adrenocortical tissue from the rat was fixed in glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde-tannic acid with or without potassium pyroantimonate. An electron opacity was observed in lipid droplets from unstained sections of tissue with or without antimonate in the fixative and is most likely attributable to inclusion of tannic acid in the fixative. The opacity was largely removed after staining with uranyl acetate in absolute methanol followed by lead citrate. Removal of the opacity is attributable to staining in lead citrate, not uranyl acetate, because highly basic solution without lead also removes the density. An electron-opaque rim is present at the interface of lipid droplet and cytoplasm, although no distinct membranous structure is observable. The rim may correspond to myelin-like structures seen sometimes in lipid droplets from adrenocortical cells fixed by routine procedures employing pre-fixation with glutaraldehyde and post-fixation with osmium tetroxide. Results of this study point to the conclusion that ultrathin sections should be examined unstained in the validation of a new regime for processing tissues in electron microscopy.     

Growth of microorganisms on insoluble polymers: Transformation of automobile tires

Microorganisms were isolated that transform 35-mesh automobile tire carcasses, utilizing water-soluble oils in the tire particle as a carbon source, while concomitantly oxidizing the styrene-butadiene copolymer of the insoluble substrate by co-metabolism. The product behaved as a cationic exchanger.     

Calmodulin activity in yeast and mycelial phases of Ceratocystis ulmi

Abstract The yeast and mycelial phases of Ceratocystis ulmi contained roughly equivalent levels of calmodulin activity as determined by their ability to stimulate calmodulin-deficient bovine brain cAMP phosphodiesterase. This stimulation was calcium-dependent and could be inhibited by either dibucaine or trifluoperazine. Also, the concentration of dibucaine necessary to achieve the mycelium-to-yeast morphological conversion was found to be 3-fold greater in the presence of exogenous calcium. A model is presented in which only 30% of the cellular calmodulin need be complexed with calcium ions for mycelial development.