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Contamination transferred into the uterus from external genitalia during artificial insemination (AI) has been hypothesized to cause lowered bovine pregnancy rates (PR). Using aseptic techniques, there is still a possibility of uterine contamination during routine AI. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of two types of sheath covers (CS) placed over the conventional French Medium Syringe assembly (FMS) used for AI. Their use entailed passing the assembly to the external os of the cervix, pushing the FMS through the CS and manipulating the FMS to the cervical uterine junction in the normal manner. Fifty-six day non-return rate (NRR) in dairy and actual PR in beef cattle were evaluated. In Experiment 1, 30 professional technicians were employed to inseminate 7, 387 dairy cows, while in Experiment 2, six technicians with varying levels of experience inseminated 416 beef cows. Least-squares means for NRR in dairy cattle were 78% using a CS and 79% without. Means for PR in beef cattle were 57% using a CS and 62% without. In Experiment 2, the overall PR was lower in Trial l than in other trials (P<0.05). Since some technicians improved with time, the difference due to trial was attributed to technician variation in gaining experience with a CS. Results indicate that general use of a CS in routine AI of apparently healthy cows will not increase PR. 相似文献
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Relation of blood-free to blood-inclusive postmortem lung water measurements in sheep 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Collins J. C.; Newman J. H.; Wickersham N. E.; Vaughn W. K.; Snapper J. R.; Harris T. R.; Brigham K. L. 《Journal of applied physiology》1985,59(2):592-596
Our purpose was to see if the postmortem weight ratio of extravascular lung water to blood-free dry lung (blood-free ratio) was related to similar ratios in blood-inclusive lung and in blood. We developed linear regressions of blood-free ratio on ratios for blood-inclusive lung and blood together and for blood-inclusive lung alone for 73 sheep studied under 11 different protocols and for two subgroups of sheep, one with plasma space expansion and the other without expansion. The relation of ratios of blood-free to blood-inclusive lungs was different between the two subgroups. Although all regressions were highly correlated, the fits of the blood-free ratio on ratios for blood-inclusive lung and blood together were better than for blood-inclusive lung alone. The mean error of prediction of extravascular lung water for all sheep was significantly less for the regression of blood-free ratio on ratios for blood and blood-inclusive lung together (11 g) than for blood-inclusive lung alone (18 g). This study shows that weights of lung homogenate and blood samples before and after simple oven drying can be used to provide accurate inexpensive estimates of postmortem extravascular lung water. 相似文献
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Refeering to Prof. Owen's paper on Lepidosiren in the 18th volume of the Society's “Transactions,” the author states that the conclusion at which that gentleman has arrived, that the animal in question is a Pish, although controverted by some of our best naturalists, appears to him to receive confirmation from one or two points in its structure on which no great stress has hitherto been laid. The first of these relates to the mode in which the gill is covered, having only a single small external opening, in which respect Lepidosiren makes a very near approach to Muræna. Secondly, the two peculiar anterior teeth in the upper jaw 80 closely resemble those of some Fishes, that the vignette representing these teeth in Echiodon Drummondii, given in Mr. Yarrell's “History of British Fishes,” might serve as well for the front teeth of Lepidosiren. Thirdly, the continuous dorsal, caudal and anal fin, and the absence of pectorals and ventrals, are common characters among Murænidæ. And fourthly, the true Fish-scales, together with the lateral line extending from the gill to the extremity of the tail, are characters peculiar to Fishes, and not to be found among Amphibian Beptiles. Assuming then that Lepidosiren is unquestionably a Fish, and not either a Reptile or an osculant between Fishes and Reptiles, Mr. Newman regards it as completely obliterating the boundary set up by Cuvier between the two great subclasses of Fishes, the Osseous and the Cartilaginous. In support of this opinion he quotes several passages from Prof. Owen's paper, and concludes by stating his conviction that it is “equally impossible to place it in either the Cartilaginous or Osseous series; and we are compelled either to establish an intermediate series, consisting of but three species or perhaps genera, or to break up those great divisions, which have received the almost universal approbation of naturalists. The first course seems most undesirable in an age in which we are exerting ourselves to find associates and allies for every abnormal form, however apparently isolated. The alternative, the mingling of cartilaginous and osseous fishes, seems inevitable.” 相似文献
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