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21.
22.
Jun-Xian?ShenEmail author Zhi-Min?Xu Albert?S.?Feng Peter?M.?Narins 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2011,197(10):1027-1030
We present the first data on the vocalizations of large odorous frogs (Odorrana
graminea, previously Odorrana livida), from southern China. The males produce diverse broadband signals most of which contain ultrasonic harmonics. Six basic
call-types were identified based on the number of call notes, fundamental frequency, call/note duration, frequency modulation
patterns and spectral composition. O. graminea is one of only a few non-mammalian vertebrates able to detect ultrasound, but its tympanic membranes are not recessed. These
results should stimulate further studies to provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying high-frequency communication
in anurans. 相似文献
23.
J. Wang T. A. Ludwig P. M. Narins 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1996,178(2):159-172
We investigated directionalities of eardrum vibration and auditory nerve response in anesthetized northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens pipiens). Simultaneous measures of eardrum velocities and firing rates from 282 auditory nerve fibers were obtained in response to free-field sounds from eight directions in the horizontal plane. Sound pressure at the external surface of the ipsilateral eardrum was kept constant for each presentation direction (± 0.5 dB). Significant effects of sound direction on eardrum velocity were shown in 90% of the cases. Maximum or minimum eardrum velocity was observed more often when sounds were presented from the lateral and posterior fields, or from the anterior and contralateral fields, respectively. Firing rates of 38% of the fibers were significantly affected by sound direction and maximum or minimum firing rate was observed more frequently when sounds were delivered from the lateral fields, or from the anterior and contralateral fields, respectively. Directionality patterns of eardrum velocity and nerve firing also vary with sound frequency. Statistically significant correlation between eardrum velocity and nerve fiber firing rate was demonstrated in only 45% of the fibers, suggesting that sound transmission to the inner ear through extratympanic pathways plays a non-trivial role in the genesis of directionality of auditory nerve responses.Abbreviations CF
characteristic frequency
- SVL
snout-vent length
- TM
tympanic membrane 相似文献
24.
25.
26.
A. P. Purgue P. M. Narins 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2000,186(5):489-495
We present a quantitative mathematical model that represents the main features of the bullfrog inner ear. Calculated responses
based on this model predict the observed frequency separation between the amphibian papilla and basilar papilla responses.
The origin of this separation can be traced to the effect of the contact membranes on the impedance of the respective paths.
Additionally, we calculated the input impedance of the periotic canal and showed that at low frequencies it acts as a bypass
for most of the energy entering the ear, shunting it away from the amphibian-basilar papilla complex. As this shunting decreases
with increasing frequency, we propose that the periotic canal functions as a protection mechanism to prevent overload of the
amphibian papilla and basilar papilla during ventilation and for quasi-static pressure equalization. Our model explains the
main features of the empirical data obtained from direct measurement of the amphibian papilla and basilar papilla contact
membranes reported in an accompanying paper (this issue).
Accepted: 9 March 2000 相似文献
27.
Calvin C. K. Ho Peter M. Narins 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2006,192(4):417-429
We studied the directional response of the coupled-eardrum system in the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens pipiens. Eardrum behavior closely approximates a linear time-invariant system, with a highly correlated input–output relationship
between the eardrum pressure difference and the eardrum velocity. Variations in the eardrum transfer function at frequencies
below 800 Hz indicate the existence of an extratympanic sound transmission pathway which can interfere with eardrum motions.
The eardrum velocity was shown to shift in phase as a function of sound incident angle, which was a direct result of the phase-shift
of the eardrum pressure difference. We used two laser-Doppler vibrometers to measure the interaural vibration time difference
(IVTD) and the interaural vibration amplitude difference (IVAD) between the motions of the two eardrums. The coupled-eardrum
system enhanced the IVTD and IVAD by a factor of 3 and 3 dB, respectively, when compared to an isolated-eardrum system of
the same size. Our findings are consistent with the time-delay sensitivity of other coupled-eardrum systems such as those
found in crickets and flies. 相似文献
28.
Introduction
There is an ever-increasing need for animal models to evaluate efficacy and safety of new therapeutics in the field of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Particularly for the early preclinical evaluation of human-specific biologicals targeting the progressive phase of the disease, there is a need for relevant animal models. In response to this requirement we set out to develop a model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in a small-sized nonhuman primate species (300 to 400 g at adult age); that is, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). 相似文献29.
Over 3500 patients with recent onset inflammatory polyarthritis (IP) have been recruited by the Norfolk Arthritis Register
(NOAR) since 1990. Longitudinal data from this cohort have been used to examine the prevalence and predictors of remission,
functional disability, radiological outcome, cardiovascular mortality and co-morbidity and the development of non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma. Rheumatoid factor titre, high baseline C-reactive protein and high baseline HAQ score are all predictors of a poor
outcome. There is a strong association between possession of the shared epitope and the development of erosions. Patients
who satisfy the American College of Rheumatology criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a worse prognosis than those
who do not. However, it appears that these patients are a poorly defined subset of all those with IP rather than having an
entirely separate disease entity. New statistical techniques offer exciting possibilities for using longitudinal datasets
such as NOAR to explore the long-term effects of treatment in IP and RA. 相似文献
30.
Edwin R. Lewis Eva I. Hecht Peter M. Narins 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1992,171(4):421-435
Summary In modern frogs, the amphibian papilla exhibits a caudal extension whose shape, relative length, and proportion of hair cells vary markedly from species to species. Tuning in the caudal extension is organized tonotopically and evidently involves the tectorium. In terms of the proportion of amphibian-papillar hair cells in the caudal extension, we report more diversity among 8 species of a single genus (Eleutherodactylus) on a single island (Puerto Rico) than has been found so far among all of the (more than 50) other modern anurans examined for this feature from around the world. These 8 Puerto Rican species have overlapping habitat and conspicuous diversity in the male advertisement call. For 7 of the 8 species, we report that the call has transient spectral components in the frequency range of the amphibian papilla, and that the proportion of caudal extension hair cells and the frequency distribution of those components are correlated. Thus one might conclude that the selective pressures that led to diversity of calls among the 8 species also led to diversity in form of the amphibian papilla.Abbreviations
AP
amphibian papilla
-
BEF
best excitatory frequency
-
PR
Puerto Rican
-
SEM
scanning electron microscope
-
SVL
snout-vent length
-
TC
tectorial corner
-
TM
tectorial membrane 相似文献