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51.
52.
Vector competence of field populations of the mosquito species Aedes japonicus japonicus and Culex pipiens from Switzerland for two West Nile virus strains
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53.
Behavioral and Physiological Thermoregulation of Crocodilians 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Crocodilians, like other reptiles, regulate their body temperaturesby a combination of behavioral and physiological mechanisms.Behaviorally, they seek warm surface water or bask when cooland avoid overheating by the evaporation of water from theirdorsum, evaporation of water by gaping or by retreating to deep,cool water. Physiologically, crocodilians increase cutaneousthermal conductance by increasing blood flow to the skin (andsubdermal musculature) during warming. This hastens the warmingprocess. Cutaneous blood flow is reduced during general coolingand locally if the body temperature exceeds skin temperature.This enables crocodilians to increase body temperature significantlywhile basking in cool shallow water. Large crocodilians appearto be able to alter their rates of heat exchange to a largerextent than small ones and they can do so with less cardiovascularinvolvement. Large crocodilians, with their lower surface/volumeratio, are capable of producing sufficient metabolic heat toelevate their body temperature above water temperature. 相似文献
54.
GABRIELE THUMANN KARL ULRICH BARTZ-SCHMIDT NORBERT KOCIOK KLAUS HEIMANN ULRICH SCHRAEMEYER 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》1999,12(5):311-315
To investigate the degradation pathway of rod outer segments (ROS) in vivo, we injected gold-labeled ROS into the subretinal space of rabbits using a pars plana approach. Histology and electron microscopy performed on the specimens 72 hr after ROS injection revealed that the retina over the injection site was reattached, the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were intact, and gold granules were localized inside melanin granules and melanosomes. These results indicate that, in RPE, in vivo degradation of ROS is associated with melanosomes. 相似文献
55.
Mitochondrial RNA Polymerase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neurospora crassa</Emphasis> 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
The enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight of 64,000 and tends to form heavy aggregates. It is sensitive to rifampicin and resistant to α-amanitin. It prefers native mitochondrial DNA and d(AT) copolymer as template. 相似文献
56.
Isotypes in Human Immunoglobulin λ-Chains 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
MAXIME HESS NORBERT HILSCHMANN LILIANE RIVAT CLAUDE RIVAT CLAUDE ROPARTZ 《Nature: New biology》1971,234(45):58-61
IMMUNOGLOBULIN polypeptide chains consist of a variable N-terminal region and a constant C-terminal part1. The variability of the N-terminal part is due to multiple amino-acid exchanges and deletions, which can be arranged into chemically distinct subgroups2–9. The C-terminal part is characterized by single amino-acid substitutions in an otherwise constant, yet chain type specific, sequence1,10–12. 相似文献
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WERNER W. FRANKE ERIKA SCHMID DIRK BREITKREUTZ MARION LÜDER PETRA BOUKAMP NORBERT E. FUSENIG MARY OSBORN KLAUS WEBER 《Differentiation; research in biological diversity》1979,14(1-3):35-50
The intermediate-sized filaments present in epidermal keratinocytes derived from mouse skin and in an established cell line (HEL) derived from spontaneous transformation of murine keratinocytes grown in vitro, have been examined by immunofluorescence microscopy, using antibodies directed against subunit proteins of different classes of intermediate-sized filaments, as well as by electron microscopy and gel electrophoresis of cytoskeletal preparations highly enriched in intermediate-sized filaments. The keratinocytes derived from neonatal skin, which are capable of only limited replication in vitro, show only a single type of intermediate-sized filaments, i.e., the tonofibril-like arrays of filaments containing prekeratin. HEL cells, which proliferate indefinitely in vitro, retain the tonofilament-like structures typical of differentiated epidermal cells but in addition display intermediate-sized filaments of the vimentin type, i.e., the filament system typically found in mesenchymal and mesenchyme-derived cells. We discuss the possibility that (i) the advent of vimentin-type filaments in epidermal cells in culture is related either to the transformed state or the in vitro growth conditions as such and (ii) other differentiated epithelial cells proliferating in vitro may have more than one system of intermediate-sized filaments. 相似文献
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The noctuid moth Spodoptera frugiperda consists of two strains associated with different larval host plants (most notably corn and rice). These strains exhibit differential temporal patterns of female calling and copulation during scotophase, with the corn strain more active earlier in the night. We investigated strain‐specific constraints in reproductive timing, mating interactions between the two strains, and the mode of inheritance of timing of female calling, male calling, copulation and oviposition. We observed an allochronic shift of all reproductive behaviours by approximately 3 h and a parallel shift of nonreproductive locomotor activity, suggesting involvement of the circadian clock. The corn strain was more variable in the timing of calling and copulation than the rice strain. Rice strain females were more restricted in the timing of copulation than rice strain males, while such differences between the sexes were not apparent in the corn strain. There were significant interactions between the strains affecting onset times of copulation and male calling. The four investigated reproductive traits differed in their modes of inheritance: timing of female and male calling exhibited strong maternal effects, timing of copulation was controlled by a combination of maternal effects and corn strain dominant autosomal factors, and timing of oviposition was inherited in a corn strain dominant fashion. We conclude that the allochronic separation of reproduction between fall armyworm strains is asymmetric, less pronounced than previously thought, and under complex genetic control. 相似文献