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排序方式: 共有92条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Julia Bolsinger Andrzej Pronczuk KC Hayes 《The Journal of nutritional biochemistry》2013,24(11):1945-1952
Amount and type of dietary carbohydrate (CHO), as well as the CHO:fat ratio, are thought to be critical for both the rate of development and severity of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, these nutritional considerations were examined in the previously described “spontaneous” model of diabetes and metabolic syndrome, the Nile rat. Weanling male Nile rats (n=92) were fed semipurified diets, modifying glycemic index and load by changing the amount of fiber or altering the CHO:fat ratio. Random and fasting blood glucose and body weight were assessed, and diabetes was characterized in terms of blood glucose, relevant plasma and liver parameters, food and water intake and terminal organ weights. Nile rats fed with hiCHO became more hyperglycemic than rats fed with modCHO (P<.05), while loCHO and hiCHO+hiFiber rats remained essentially normoglycemic. Liver lipid and glycogen accumulation was associated with severe hyperlipemia in diabetic rats, analogous to metabolic syndrome in humans. Advanced diabetes was linked to liver and kidney damage and elevated blood urea nitrogen with weight loss. Dispersing dietary CHO by fiber or replacing it by moderate fat (reducing the glycemic index and load) delayed the onset of diabetes but did not prevent signs of insulin resistance. A very low content of dietary CHO (high fat) seemed to prevent even these early indicators of insulin resistance. Thus, the Nile rat represents a novel CHO-sensitive model for study of Type 2 diabetes that reliably follows the course of disease in humans. 相似文献
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James R. Millam Christina B. Craig-Veit Allison E. Quaglino Andrea L. Erichsen Thomas R. Famula D. Michael Fry 《Hormones and behavior》2001,40(4):542-549
We determined whether short-term, posthatch oral exposure to estradiol benzoate (EB) or the industrial surfactant octylphenol (OP) could impair the reproductive performance of zebra finches. If so, naturally occurring phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens might influence reproduction in wild populations. Chicks were given oral administration of 10 or 100 nmol EB per gram of body mass (earlier work showed the latter to be the minimum oral dose required to maximally masculinize female song nuclei) or an equimolar amount of OP daily from 5 through 11 days of age. Canola oil was used as a vehicle and control. Reproductive testing was done either in individual pair cages or in communal cages that permitted self-selection of mates, N = 10 pairs per group. Pairs consisted of EB-treated males and females, EB-treated males paired with canola-treated females, vice versa, and canola-treated males and females. Posthatch EB treatment produced sex-specific impairments in reproduction that, in some instances, were additive when both sexes were treated. Egg production was reduced and egg breakage was increased in 100 nmol/g EB-treated male and female pairs. The incidence of missing eggs was increased in 10 nmol/g EB-treated male and female pairs. Candled fertility was reduced in both groups containing 100 nmol/g EB-treated males. The number of hatched chicks was severely reduced in all EB-treated groups. No adverse effects of OP treatment were detected. These significant treatment effects (all P < 0.05) show that posthatch EB treatment profoundly disrupts the reproductive performance of zebra finches, suggesting that exposure to estrogens in the wild could impair the reproductive performance of wild populations. 相似文献
44.
KC Schuster R Goodacre JR Gapes M Young 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2001,27(5):314-321
Strain degeneration in solventogenic clostridia is a known problem in the technical acetone–butanol fermentation bioprocess,
especially in the continuous process mode. Clostridial strain degeneration was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)
spectroscopy of the bacterial cells. Degenerative variant formation in two strains, Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 and Clostridium species AA332, was detected spectroscopically. Colonies on solid media were sampled, or assayed directly in situ by IR microscopy. It has previously been shown that the distinctive acidogenic and solventogenic physiological phases of
Clostridium acetobutylicum in liquid medium can be discriminated by FT-IR spectroscopy. This was confirmed here for C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052. The proportion of degenerate cells in a mixed population in liquid medium could be quantified, as the spectral
features change in different ways during the normal growth cycle of wild type organisms and degenerate variants in batch culture.
This opens a new perspective for physiology-based process monitoring and control, especially of the continuous acetone–butanol
fermentation.
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2001) 27, 314–321.
Received 06 October 2000/ Accepted in revised form 20 April 2001 相似文献
45.
BACKGROUND: Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), anthracene (ANTH) and chrysene (CHRY) are polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) implicated in renal toxicity and carcinogenesis. These PAHs elicit cell type-specific effects that help predict toxicity outcomes in vitro and in vivo. While BaP and ANTH selectively injure glomerular mesangial cells, and CHRY targets cortico-tubular epithelial cells, binary or ternary mixtures of these hydrocarbons markedly reduce the overall cytotoxic potential of individual hydrocarbons. METHODS: To study the biochemical basis of these antagonistic interactions, renal glomerular mesangial cells were challenged with BaP alone (0.03 - 30 microM) or in the presence of ANTH (3 microM) or CHRY (3 microM) for 24 hr. Total RNA and protein will be harvested for Northern analysis and measurements of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, respectively, to evaluate cytochrome P450 mRNA and protein inducibility. Cellular hydrocarbon uptake and metabolic profiles of PAHs were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Combined hydrocarbon treatments did not influence the cellular uptake of individual hydrocarbons. ANTH or CHRY strongly repressed BaP-inducible cytochrome P450 mRNA and protein expression, and markedly inhibited oxidative BaP metabolism. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that antagonistic interactions among nephrocarcinogenic PAHs involve altered expression of cytochrome P450s that modulate bioactivation profiles and nephrotoxic/ nephrocarcinogenic potential. 相似文献
46.
The stability, both genetic and phenotypic, of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar Desiree plants derived from alternative propagation methodologies has been compared. Plants obtained through
three clonal propagation routes—axillary-bud-proliferation, microtuberisation and a novel somatic embryogenesis system, and
through true potato seeds (TPS) produced by selfing were evaluated at three levels: gross phenotype and minituber yield, changes
in ploidy (measured by flow cytometry) and by molecular marker analysis [measured using AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism)].
The clonally propagated plants exhibited no phenotypic variation while the TPS-derived plants showed obvious phenotypic segregation.
Significant differences were observed with respect to minituber yield while average plant height, at the time of harvesting,
was not significantly different among plants propagated through four different routes. None of the plant types varied with
respect to gross genome constitution as assessed by flow cytometry. However, a very low level of AFLP marker profile variation
was seen amongst the somatic embryo (3 out of 451 bands) and microtuber (2 out of 451 bands) derived plants. Intriguingly,
only AFLP markers generated using methylation sensitive restriction enzymes were found to show polymorphism. No polymorphism
was observed in plants regenerated through axillary-bud-proliferation. The low level of molecular variation observed could
be significant on a genome-wide scale, and is discussed in the context of possible methylation changes occurring during the
process of somatic embryogenesis. 相似文献
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Three carbohydrate sources, maltose, sucrose and cellobiose, were compared for the respective effects on regeneration from internodal sections of flax. It was found that different patterns of morphogenesis were attributable to the type of carbohydrate and its concentration. Mean shoot regeneration was highest on a medium containing 87 mM maltose with a rate of 2.4 shoots per explant and root formation was stimulated to the greatest degree on a medium with 87 mM sucrose. This medium also resulted in the highest tissue dry weight. 相似文献
50.
Kumaran Kandasamy Sujatha S Mohan Rajesh Raju Shivakumar Keerthikumar Ghantasala S Sameer Kumar Abhilash K Venugopal Deepthi Telikicherla Daniel J Navarro Suresh Mathivanan Christian Pecquet Sashi Kanth Gollapudi Sudhir Gopal Tattikota Shyam Mohan Hariprasad Padhukasahasram Yashwanth Subbannayya Renu Goel Harrys KC Jacob Jun Zhong Raja Sekhar Vishalakshi Nanjappa Lavanya Balakrishnan Roopashree Subbaiah YL Ramachandra Abdul B Rahiman Keshava TS Prasad Jian-Xin Lin Jon CD Houtman Stephen Desiderio Jean-Christophe Renauld Stefan N Constantinescu Osamu Ohara Toshio Hirano Masato Kubo Sujay Singh Purvesh Khatri Sorin Draghici Gary D Bader Chris Sander Warren J Leonard Akhilesh Pandey 《Genome biology》2010,11(1):1-9