鼠兔核质杂交胚胎早期发育的研究

细胞核移植技术已被证明是研究发育中核质相互关系的非常重要的手段之一,电融合技术也是近十年发展起来的新型细胞融合技术。本实验运用这两项技术,进行了鼠、兔目间核质杂交实验,小鼠8-细胞核在激活的兔去核卵母细胞中,发生了染色体超前凝聚及核膨胀,融合卵移植到小鼠输卵管4.5天后,冲洗出,有5.4%的重构卵发育到囊胚期,通过染色体检查,囊胚细胞中均为小鼠染色体,其中一个囊胚为正常小鼠核型(2 n=40,XX)。通过本实验,我们认为:鼠兔远缘核质杂交胚胎的早期发育是可能的。     

Poplar (Populus nigra L.) plants transformed with aBacillus thuringiensis toxin gene: insecticidal activity and genomic analysis

Insect-resistant poplar (Populus nigra L.) plants have been produced by infecting leaves withAgrobacterium tumefaciens strains carrying a binary vector containing different truncated forms of aBacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) toxin gene under a duplicated CaMV 35S promoter. Putative transgenic plants were propagated by cuttings at two experimental farms (in Beijing and Xinjiang, China). At 2–3 years after transformation, 17 of them were selected on the bases of insect-tolerance and good silvicultural traits, and evaluated for insect resistance, for the presence of theB.t. toxin DNA fragment (Southern blots and PCR) and for the expression of the transgene (western and northern blots). Somaclonal variation, as suggested by the appearance of permanent changes in the shape of the leaves, was also investigated with molecular tools (RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and microsatellite DNA).Bioassays withApochemia cineraius andLymantria dispar on the leaves of the selected clones showed different and, in some cases, high levels of insecticidal activity. The molecular analysis demonstrated integration and expression of the foreign gene. Somatic changes were correlated to extensive genomic changes and were quantified in dendrograms, in terms of genomic similarity. The analysis of control plants suggested that genomic changes were correlated to thein vitro culture step necessary forA. tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer, rather than to the integration of the foreign genes.Three transgenic clones (12, 153 and 192), selected for insect resistance, reduced morphological changes and promising silvicultural traits, are now under large-scale field evaluation in six different provinces in China.     

心肌电兴奋传导速度对心律失常影响的仿真研究

心电场是由心肌的电活动产生的。心肌细胞的电特性及心肌细胞间的传导关系决定了体表电位的分布及心电图的变化。心肌电兴奋传导速度则是影响心肌间兴奋传导关系的重要参数之一。由于很难通过实验方法来人为改变电兴奋传导速度,因而临床上有关该参数对心律影响的定量知识相当缺乏。本文采用真实三雏躯干模型及心脏模型,对心肌电兴奋传导速度与心律变化的关系进行定量仿真研究。结果表明,兴奋传导速度决定了整个心电图的变化,而局部普通心肌的传导速度在相当范围内变化似乎对心电图影响不明显,但传导速度超过一定范围后可能产生突变。     

细叶马先蒿根系发育形态学研究

细叶马先蒿为玄参科多年生草本植物。年生产周期明显缩短。根系营养生长至花期为粗壮主根与纤细侧根并存,果期侧根几乎全部枯萎脱落,所存留根系皆呈乳白色。由胚根形成的初生主根根毛密集,初生木质部二原型。侧生分生组织只有形成层而无木栓形成层。根表皮细胞经解离后略呈不规则方形片状,横切面为平周长梭形,进行垂周分裂增加梭形根表皮细胞长度,以适应根的增粗生长。根表皮脱落时,外皮层以同样生长方式代替脱落的表皮。在年     

丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的研究及应用

丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂（serpin）是一类结构、序列同源的蛋白酶抑制剂,它是体内许多蛋白水解级联反应的调节因子,其遗传性结构或分泌异常将导致许多疾病．因此对于其结构及作用机理的研究将为临床应用提供依据．     

栝楼核糖核酸酶在RNA序列分析中的应用

栝楼核糖核酸酶（RNase TCS）对U碱基具有高度的专一性,在无脲、pH3.5、50℃时,它几乎都在-NP ↓ U-处裂解RNA.它与RNase T1,U₂和有限的碱水解一起,可用于直接的酶法RNA序列分析．     

红壤旱坡地桔园覆盖的生态效应及经济效益评价

柑桔是南方红壤地区栽培的主要果树种类,栽培面积达1126×106ｈｍ2。柑桔是一种常绿果树,生长量大,挂果期长,周年需要消耗大量的水分。我国南方红壤地区虽然雨水充沛,但降水季节分布不均,柑桔果实迅速生长的7～10月正是该地区雨水少、蒸发量大的伏秋干旱季节。经常性的伏秋干旱是制约我国柑桔产量和质量进一步提高的主要障碍因素之一。桔园夏秋进行秸秆覆盖可以降温[1]、保水[2]、防止杂草生长[3]等,但桔园应用地膜覆盖及常年连续覆盖对桔园的生态效应方面的研究较少,为此我们开展了这方面的工作,并通过连续3ａ的产量及产值分析覆盖桔园的经…     

四种水蛭抗凝血酶作用的研究

本文研究了水蛭的抗凝血酶作用,并比较了4种提取方法对抗凝作用的影响。冷浸和温浸,抗凝活性强度为菲牛蛭>日本医蛭》两种宽体金线蛭。煎煮后,前两种的活性锐碱,而两种宽体金线蛭的活性几乎不变。     

A high-resolution genetic map around waltzer on mouse Chromosome 10 and identification of a new allele of waltzer

A new autosomal recessive mouse mutation characterized by deafness and circling behavior was recovered during mutagenesis experiments with chlorambucil (CHL). On the basis of allelism tests and linkage analyses, this mutation appears to represent a new allele of waltzer (v) that maps to mouse Chromosome (Chr) 10. We have designated this new allele, Albany waltzer (v ^Alb ). A high-resolution map of the region around v was constructed from data from two intersubspecific backcrosses involving Mus musculus castaneus. The analysis of 648 backcross mice has allowed v ^Alb to be localized 1.1 ± 0.4 cM distal to D10Mit60 and 0.2 ± 0.2 cM proximal to a cluster of four markers, D10Mit172, D10Mit112, D10Mit48, and D10Mit196. An independent backcross was used to confirm the map order and distances in the v ^Alb backcross. The two linkage maps were consistent, indicating that the lesion in v ^Alb , which is presumed to be a deletion based on the known action of CHL, is small and has not significantly altered the map at this level of detection. Additionally, three genes (Ros1, Grik2, and Zfa) were eliminated as possible candidates for v ^Alb , and several SSLP markers were separated genetically. Received: 3 July 1996 / Accepted: 13 August 1996     

Effect of mutations in Shigella flexneri chromosomal and plasmid-encoded lipopolysaccharide genes on invasion and serum resistance

This study shows that both length and distribution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are important for Shigella flexneri invasion and virulence. Mutants were generated in the chromosomal LPS synthesis genes rfa , rfb , and rol , and in a plasmid-encoded O-antigen chain-length regulator, cld _pHS-2. LPS analysis showed that mutations in rfb genes and in a candidate rfaL gene either eliminated the entire O-antigen side chains or produced chains of greatly reduced length. Mutation in a previously unidentified gene, rfaX , affected the LPS core region and resulted in reduced amounts of O-antigen. Mutants defective in cld _pHS-2 or rol had different distributions of O-antigen chain lengths. The results of tissue-culture cell invasion and plaque assays, the Serény test, and serum-sensitivity assay suggested roles for the different LPS synthesis genes in bacterial survival and virulence; rfaL, rfaX and rfb loci are required for serum resistance and intercellular spread, but not for invasion; cld _pHS-2 is required for resistance to serum killing and for full inflammation in the Serény test, but not for invasion or intercellular spread, while rol is required for normal invasiveness and plaque formation, but not for serum resistance. Thus, O-antigen synthesis and chain-length regulation genes encoded on both the chromosome and the small plasmid pHS-2 play important roles in S. flexneri invasion and virulence.