Accelerated organic matter decomposition in thermokarst lakes upon carbon and phosphorus inputs

Mineralization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in thermokarst lakes plays a non-negligible role in the permafrost carbon (C) cycle, but remains poorly understood due to its complex interactions with external C and nutrient inputs (i.e., aquatic priming and nutrient effects). Based on large-scale lake sampling and laboratory incubations, in combination with ¹³C-stable-isotope labeling, optical spectroscopy, and high-throughput sequencing, we examined large-scale patterns and dominant drivers of priming and nutrient effects of DOM biodegradation across 30 thermokarst lakes along a 1100-km transect on the Tibetan Plateau. We observed that labile C and phosphorus (P) rather than nitrogen (N) inputs stimulated DOM biodegradation, with the priming and P effects being 172% and 451% over unamended control, respectively. We also detected significant interactive effects of labile C and nutrient supply on DOM biodegradation, with the combined labile C and nutrient additions inducing stronger microbial mineralization than C or nutrient treatment alone, illustrating that microbial activity in alpine thermokarst lakes is co-limited by both C and nutrients. We further found that the aquatic priming was mainly driven by DOM quality, with the priming intensity increasing with DOM recalcitrance, reflecting the limitation of external C as energy sources for microbial activity. Greater priming intensity was also associated with higher community-level ribosomal RNA gene operon (rrn) copy number and bacterial diversity as well as increased background soluble reactive P concentration. In contrast, the P effect decreased with DOM recalcitrance as well as with background soluble reactive P and ammonium concentrations, revealing the declining importance of P availability in mediating DOM biodegradation with enhanced C limitation but reduced nutrient limitation. Overall, the stimulation of external C and P inputs on DOM biodegradation in thermokarst lakes would amplify C-climate feedback in this alpine permafrost region.     

宁夏甜菜丛根病的研究

发生在宁夏甜菜上的一种病毒病的病株叶丛主要表现为黄化、焦桔和叶脉黄化坏死。从其分离的病毒粒子呈杆状,宽约20nm,长度为65—110nm、270—300nm和390—420nm,能侵染甜菜、菠菜、昆诺阿藜、苋色藜、番杏,与甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)抗血清呈阳性反应。综上所述,认为该病害是由BNYVV引起的。     

不同密度格木幼林的土壤理化与林下植被特征

为探索适合格木(Erythrophleum fordii)人工林在幼龄阶段的种植密度,在不同林分密度(2 m×1 m、2 m×2 m、2 m×3 m、3 m×3 m)的6 a生格木人工林下设置标准样地,采用土壤质量评价和灰色关联度等方法,探究不同密度下格木幼林的土壤理化与林下植被特征。结果表明,密度2 m×3 m下的林木胸径、树高最优,较最低水平高16.7%、27.9%;土壤总孔隙度最大,全N、硝态N、铵态N含量最高,灌木草本多样性最高。相关性分析表明土壤化学性质对灌木草本的多样性影响最大。不同林分密度下格木幼林土壤理化性质及林下植物多样性有显著差异,因此,选择合适的林分密度对人工林土壤肥力的可持续利用及林分的经营培育至关重要。     

崖椒茎的化学成分

从崖椒（Zanthoxglum schinifolutm Sieb.et Zucc.)茎的石油醚、二氯甲烷提取物中分离得到8个化合物。经物理常数测定及光谱（UV,IR,MS,NMR)分析鉴定其为（1）白鲜碱（dictamning),（2）茵芋碱（skimmianine),(3)滨蒿内酯（scoparone),(4)崖椒内酯（schinifolin),(5)莨菪亭（scopoletin),（6）7-羟基-8-甲氧基香豆素（7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin),（7）N-甲基弗林辛（N-methylflindersine),（8）β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol),其中化合物（5）、（6）和（7）为首次从该植物中分离。     

棉花耐害补偿临界指标及其应用的探讨

棉花耐害补偿反应可归纳为三种动态类型：1)不足补偿动态反应型;2)完全——不足补偿动态反应型;3)超越——完全——不足补偿动态反应型。其临界指标的建立及其应用可优化棉花病虫害综防决策．以研究害虫防治决策为例,剖析了利用害虫自然种群,人为改变害虫自然种群、人为地接放一定虫量与人工损害模拟等不同测定棉花耐害补偿能力方法的利弊。并探讨改进措施．分析论述了不同量化棉花耐害补偿能力的方法,并就棉花耐害补偿临界指标的建立及其意义作了探讨．棉花耐害补偿临界描标在棉田生态系统有害生物综合治理中可用于指导防治决策或直接用于防治决策,有着十分广阔的应用前景．最后就棉花耐害补偿临界指标及其应用的研究方向及有关问题作了讨论。     

Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 31 confers resistance to sheath blight via modulation of ROS homeostasis in rice

Sheath blight (ShB) severely threatens rice cultivation and production; however, the molecular mechanism of rice defence against ShB remains unclear. Screening of transposon Ds insertion mutants identified that Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase 31 (CIPK31) mutants were more susceptible to ShB, while CIPK31 overexpressors (OX) were less susceptible. Sequence analysis indicated two haplotypes of CIPK31: Hap_1, with significantly higher CIPK31 expression, was less sensitive to ShB than the Hap_2 lines. Further analyses showed that the NAF domain of CIPK31 interacted with the EF-hand motif of respiratory burst oxidase homologue (RBOHA) to inhibit RBOHA-induced H₂O₂ production, and RBOHA RNAi plants were more susceptible to ShB. These data suggested that the CIPK31-mediated increase in resistance is not associated with RBOHA. Interestingly, the study also found that CIPK31 interacted with catalase C (CatC); cipk31 mutants accumulated less H₂O₂ while CIPK31 OX accumulated more H₂O₂ compared to the wild-type control. Further analysis showed the interaction of the catalase domain of CatC with the NAF domain of CIPK31 by which CIPK31 inhibits CatC activity to accumulate more H₂O₂.