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51.
Tomoya Niki Takaaki Nishijima Masayoshi Nakayama Tamotsu Hisamatsu Naomi Oyama-Okubo Hiroko Yamazaki Peter Hedden Theo Lange Lewis N. Mander Masaji Koshioka 《Plant physiology》2001,126(3):965-972
We investigated the effect of overexpressing a pumpkin gibberellin (GA) 20-oxidase gene encoding an enzyme that forms predominantly biologically inactive products on GA biosynthesis and plant morphology in transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv Vanguard) plants. Lettuce was transformed with the pumpkin GA 20-oxidase gene downstream of a strong constitutive promoter cassette (El2-35S-Omega). The transgenic plants in which the pumpkin gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction were dwarfed in the T(2) generation, whereas transformants with a normal growth phenotype did not contain the transgene. The result of Southern-blot analysis showed that the transgene was integrated as a single copy; the plants segregated three dwarfs to one normal in the T(2) generation, indicating that the transgene was stable and dominant. The endogenous levels of GA(1) and GA(4) were reduced in the dwarfs, whereas large amounts of GA(17) and GA(25), which are inactive products of the pumpkin GA 20-oxidase, accumulated in these lines. These results indicate that a functional pumpkin GA 20-oxidase is expressed in the transgenic lettuce, resulting in a diversion of the normal pathway of GA biosynthesis to inactive products. Furthermore, this technique may be useful for controlling plant stature in other agricultural and horticultural species. 相似文献
52.
Sin-ich Sugiyama Keiji Yano Kazuo Komagata Masaji Kazama Kei Arima 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(2):211-216
The metabolic products of m-hydroxybenzoic acid formed by certain Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, and Bacterium strains which possess oxidizing ability of this acid were detected by paperchromatography. It was recognized that protocatechuic acid or gentisic acid are intermediary metabolites of m-hydroxybenzoic acid by these bacteria and the both acids are not detected in one cultural broth. 相似文献
53.
A very sensitive and specific bioassay using prohexadione calcium [BX-112, which blocks 2- and 3-hydroxylation of gibberellins (GAs)] with uniconazole (which blocks oxidation of ent-kaurene, ent-kaurenol and ent-kaurenal) in a microdrop assay was developed for several rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, including cv. Waito-C, which is already specific to 3-hydroxylated GAs. The sensitivity and specificity of cvs. Waito-C, Tan-ginbozu and Koshihikari to 3-hydroxylated GAs was greatly enhanced by treatment of the seeds with a combination of 40 mM prohexadione calcium and 80 M uniconazole. The minimum detectable doses of 3-hydroxylated GAs (GA1, GA3, GA4 and GA7) in the three cultivars treated with both chemicals were 1 to 10 fmol (i.e. ca. 350 fg to 3.5 pg) per plant. This is equal to 30-fold more sensitive than Waito-C treated with uniconazole alone, and 30 to 1000-fold more sensitive than Waito-C with no growth retardant soak. Minimum detectable doses of 3-nonhydroxylated GAs (GA9, GA19 GA20) and GAs with very low biological activity (GA8 and GA17) were equal to or more than 1000 fmol per plant. This is about equal to the activity in Waito-C treated with uniconazole alone. Application of this assay to an extract from Raphanus sativus was compared with the data by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), confirming the conclusions reached using authentic test GAs, namely that use of uniconazole plus BX-112 appreciably enhanced the detection sensitivity to fractions shown by GC/MS to contain GA1 and GA4, both 3-hydroxylated GAs.Abbreviations GA
gibberellin
- BX-112
prohexadione calcium 相似文献
54.
Gibberellins and heterosis in maize : I. Endogenous gibberellin-like substances 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Under controlled environment and/or field conditions, vegetative growth (height, internode length, leaf area, shoot dry weight, grain yield) was greater in an F1 maize hybrid than in either parental inbred. Endogenous gibberellin (GA)-like substances in apical meristem cylinders were also higher in the hybrid than in either inbred, both on a per plant and per gram dry weight basis. There were no apparent qualitative differences in GA-like substances, however. Levels of GA-like substances in all genotypes were highest prior to tassel initiation. Chromatographic comparisons of the GA-like substances and authentic standards of GA native to maize on gradient-eluted SiO2 partition and reverse-phase C18 high-pressure liquid chromatography columns are described. No consistent differences in abscisic acid levels of the three genotypes were observed. This correlation of heterosis for endogenous GA-like substances with heterosis for growth suggests that amounts of endogenous GA may be related to hybrid vigor in maize. 相似文献
55.
The use of nondwarf rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars treated with uniconazole as test plants for gibberellin (GA) bioassay instead of Tan-ginbozu dwarf rice variant was investigated. The sensitivity of six nondwarf rice cultivars to GAs was increased substantially by treatment of the seeds with uniconazole. The minimum detectable dose of a GA in the nondwarf cultivars treated with uniconazole was 1- to 1/10-fold of that in the nontreated Tanginbozu and 3- to 10-fold of that in uniconazole-treated Tanginbozu. The relative activity of several GAs on treated nondwarf rice cultivars was not largely different from that to Tan-ginbozu. Considering that seeds of nondwarf rice are available commercially, the nondwarf rice seedling assay would be useful as a simple assay for systematic analysis of GAs, and also as a routine teaching tool in high schools and universities. 相似文献
56.
Masaji Koshioka Richard P. Pharis Rod W. King Noboru Murofushi Richard C. Durley 《Phytochemistry》1985,24(4):663-671
The native gibberellin A5 (GA5), as [1-3H]GA5 (3.2 Ci/mmol) was fed to seed capsules (0.58 μCi/capsule) of Pharbitis nil cv Violet at the 2-week stage of development, and its metabolism in the seeds was investigated after 43 hr. Extractable radioactivity in free GA metabolites was 38%, with 56% in GA glucosyl conjugate-like substances. Only 2.5% of the extractable radioactivity remained as [3H]GA5. Tentative identifications, based on comparisons with authentic standards after sequential chromatography on silica gel partition column → gradient-eluted C18 HPLC → isocratic-eluted C18 HPLC-radiocounting (RC), showed that [3H]GA5 was converted to at least six free GAs, GA1, GA3, GA6, GA8, GA22, GA29, a GA5 methyl ester-like metabolite, and at least twelve GA glucosyl conjugate-like substances, GA5-glucoside (GA5-G), GA5-glucosyl ester (GA5-GE), GA1-O(3)-G, GA1-O(13)-G, GA1-GE, GA3-O(3)-G, GA3-O(13)-G, GA3-GE, GA6-G or GE, GA8-O(2)-G, GA22-G or GE and GA29-O(2)-G. After lower specific activity feeds of [1,2-3H]GA5 (74 mCi/mmol; 0.1 μCi/capsule) at approximately the same stage of development, the presence of GA1, GA3, GA5, GA6, GA8 and GA29 was further confirmed by sequential (after C18 HPLC-RC) capillary gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring (GC-SIM), using six characteristic ions. However, for GA22 only a trace of the parent ion was present at the appropriate retention time. 相似文献
57.
Masaji Ohno 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2013,32(1-2):21-28
Abstract Enantioselective synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides, aristereomycin, neplanomycin A and their homologues has been completed by a combination of enzymatic and non-enzymatic procedures starting with a bicyclic meso-diester 2. The study on anticancer activities of them showed that the cytosine homologue exhibits most remarkable activity against L1210 leukemia in mice. 相似文献
58.
Junko Nishiitsutsuji-Uwo Ayako Ohsawa Masaji S. Nishimura 《Journal of invertebrate pathology》1977,29(2):162-169
The stability and solubility of the crystal toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai were measured using larvae of Bombyx mori as the test animals under the same test conditions. Insecticidal activity was retained in buffer solutions of pH 2.2–10.8. It decreased rapidly either below pH 2.0 or above pH 11. As to the effects of time and temperature, the longer the incubation time, the lower was the activity in solutions above pH 11, and the higher the treatment temperature, the lower was the pH at which degradation of activity occurred. Guanidine (6 m) with 1% mercaptoethanol was not good for dissolving the toxic protein. Instead, 8 m urea with 0.5% dithiothreitol or with 1% mercaptoethanol and 0.04 m NaOH seemed better, and onefourth of the total activity appeared in the soluble fraction. On the other hand, 0.2 m thioglycollate and “Ellis's” buffer dissolved the toxic moiety completely and safely. 相似文献
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