Complete nucleotide sequence of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 2.

Double-stranded cDNA of in vitro polyadenylated alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) RNA 2 has been cloned and sequenced. The use of an oligodeoxyribonucleotide corresponding to the known sequence of the 5'-end of RNA 2 to prime second-strand DNA synthesis, enabled us to construct the complete primary structure of AlMV RNA 2. The sequence of 2,593 nucleotides contains a long open reading frame for a protein of Mr 89,753 starting at the first AUG codon from the 5'-end. This coding region is flanked by a 5'-terminal sequence of 54 nucleotides and a 3'-noncoding region of 166 nucleotides which includes the sequence of 145 nucleotides the three genomic RNAs of AlMV have in common.     

A double helix B-type geometry based on high-resolution proton NMR of single-helical DNA fragments: d(TA)5 x d(TA)5.

A single-helical B-type geometry is presented based on 1H NMR observations on d(TATA) and several other small single-helical DNA fragments. The structure is extended to one complete turn of double-helical DNA and its characteristics are compared with other known B-type structures.     

Synthesis of short RNA fragments by the benzotriazolyl phosphotriester approach

Analytical and experimental evidence will be presented to show that addition of a slight excess of 2-chlorophenyl-0,0-bis[1-benzotriazolyl]phosphate to a properly 2',5'-protected ribonucleoside gives an intermediate 3'-phosphotriester, which, after addition of a 2'-protected ribonucleoside, affords a dimer containing solely a 3'-5'-internucleotide linkage. The above phosphorylation procedure has been used in the synthesis of the pentamer UpApCpGpC.     

The Mechanism of Microbiological Leaker Spoilage of Canned Foods: A Review

S ummary : This review summarizes the work on the subject carried out mainly in the authors'laboratories but also in the associated laboratories of Metal Box Co. Ltd., London, and Plat Manufaktor, Malmö, Sweden. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of bacterial reinfection and how it is influenced by deviations in can construction or can handling procedures. Methods of preventing bacterial reinfection at the most critical points in the canning operation are considered and certain guiding principles are derived.     

Foraminifera from the Silberberg Formation («Lower Oligocene») at Silberberg,near Helmstedt (Germany)

From the Silberberg Quarry, type locality of the Silberberg Formation (Martini &Ritzkowski 1968), some planktonic foraminifera are described:Globigerina officinalis Subbotina, Globigerina ouachitaensisHowe &Wallace,G. praebulloides leroyi Blow &Banner, G.praebulloides occlusa Blow &Banner which taxa are here suggested to form intergrading morphotypes within the range of variation of a population dominated byG. officinalis. In addition,G. cf.danvillensis Howe &Wallace is found. The planktonic fauna, together with some elements in the benthonic fauna, suggests a possible correlation with the Danville Landing Member of the Jackson Formation, Louisiana, traditionally ascribed to the Upper Eocene. There is some similarity with European Uppermost Eocene — Lower Oligocene faunas described by various authors. The Silberberg Formation was suggested to be a Neostratotype for the Latdorfian Stage of the Lower Oligocene byMartini &Ritzkowski (1968). It is suggested that the Silberberg Formation may well be coeval with the Upper Priabonian as proposed byCita 1969.     

Rapid action of abscisic acid on photosynthesis and stomatal resistance

Summary (RS)-Abscisic acid, a natural plant hormone, has been found to inhibit photosynthesis in both detached and attached primary wheat leaves. The action occurs rapidly and is accompanied by large increases in stomatal diffusive resistance.This research was supported by the Wheat Industry Research Council.     

The accumulation of 65Zn and other Radionuclides by Tubificid Worms

Tubificid worms did not accumulate radionuclides bound to sediments, but did accumulate dissolved radionuclides. The level of accumulation of dissolved ⁶⁵Zn by the worms was dependent upon temperature and concentration of the radionuclide. This paper is based on work performed under United States Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT(45-1)-1830. This paper is based on work performed under United States Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT(45-1)-1830.