Über das gelbe Pigment der Ganglienzellen,seine kolloid-chemischen und topographischen Beziehungen zu andern Zellstrukturen und eine elektive Methode zu seiner Darstellung

Zusammenfassung Das gelbe Pigment der Ganglienzellen besteht aus einer (wahrscheinlich eiweißartigen) Grundsubstanz, einer in gewissen organischen Lösungsmitteln löslichen, mit Fettfarbstoffen färbbaren Substanz und einem gelben Farbstoff, welcher der Grundsubstanz anhaftet.Die Grundsubstanz färbt sich mit basischen Farbstoffen primär. Diese Färbung ist im Gegensatz zur primären Färbung derNissl-Schollen nicht alkoholbeständig und muß daher fixiert werden.Die Grundsubstanz des Pigments und ihre Färbbarkeit sind alkalibeständig, während die primäre Färbbarkeit derNissl-Schollen in alkalischen Bädern verschwindet. Daher kann man nach Aufhebung der Färbbarkeit derNissl-Schollen eine elektive Färbung des Pigments mit basischen Farbstoffen und an ein und derselben Zelle nacheinander dasNissl-Bild und das Pigmentbild erhalten.Der p_H-Bereich, in welchem sich elektiv dieNissl-Schollen und elektiv die Pigmentgranula färben, ist deutlich verschieden. Am weitesten im Sauren liegt der isoelektrische Punkt derNissl-Substanz, dann kommt derjenige der Pigmentgrundsubstanz, und schon nahe dem Neutralpunkt liegt derjenige der Ganglienzellgrundsubstanz und der Fibrillen.Topographisch stimmt die Lage der großen Pigmentflecke mit den ausgesparten gelblichen Stellen desNissl-Bildes überein. Kleinere Pigmentstellen können aber vomNissl-Bild überdeckt sein.     

Spatial autocorrelation in two Iris pumila populations estimated on morphological data from natural clones and their samples grown in two different habitats

Morphological data from two Iris pumila populations (measured on native clones, on their replants into the same habitat, and on their transplants into alternative habitat) were combined with native clones spatial position and spatial autocorrelations (SA) were calculated. Naturally growing I. pumila clones revealed significant SA that were positive on small distances and negative on medium ones in both open Hillock and shaded Woodland populations. No significant SA were detected when calculated with original clone positions, but with morphometric data from replants into the experimental plot in the same habitat. Some significant SA were, however, detected when morphometric data from transplants to alternative habitat were used. Detected SA on I. pumila clones were primarily a consequence of spatial structuring of environmental factors but also, in a lesser degree, a result of genetic spatial arrangements (most probably due to patterns of gene flow). The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

MZmine 2: Modular framework for processing,visualizing, and analyzing mass spectrometry-based molecular profile data

Background  

Mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with online separation methods is commonly applied for differential and quantitative profiling of biological samples in metabolomic as well as proteomic research. Such approaches are used for systems biology, functional genomics, and biomarker discovery, among others. An ongoing challenge of these molecular profiling approaches, however, is the development of better data processing methods. Here we introduce a new generation of a popular open-source data processing toolbox, MZmine 2.     

Induction of cellulase in trichoderma reesei grown on lactose

Intracellular concentrations of ATP, cyclic AMP and glucose-6-phosphate were monitored during growth of partially catabolically derepressed strain of Trichoderma reesei CC II in medium containing lactose as the sole carbon source. The induction of cellulase synthesis occured when the concentration of lactose in the medium decreased below 7 mg/ml. The onset of cellulase synthesis was preceded by a transient peak of intracellular concentration of ATP and by the increase of the cyclic AMP contents in the mycelium whereby the intracellular level of glucose-6-phosphate was at its minimum. By keeping the lactose concentration in the medium at 2 mg/ml, it was possible to support the continuation of cellulase synthesis over the prolonged periods without appreciable growth of biomass.     

Steppe-like grassland as a refuge of the wild edible and medicinal plant species in anthropogenic landscape in northeastern Croatia

Habitat fragmentation and modification have been recognized as the most serious threats to biodiversity. In Croatia, the intensive human activities resulted in the landscape transformation, reduction of grassland areas and loss of species number. Increasingly threatened are the wild edible and medicinal plants which contribute remarkably to the biodiversity of different grassland types. In northeastern Croatia, one of the last remnants of the steppe-like grassland remained preserved in a very complex anthropogenic landscape. We examined the diversity of vascular plants occurring on this small habitat patch. Among the relatively high number of plant taxa (in a total of 177) found during the two years of investigations, most could be used both for human nutrition (28 taxa), and for the treatment of a wide range of diseases (60 taxa), while some taxa have nutritional value for livestock (17 taxa). All 23 recorded taxa with edible and medicinal properties are threatened in Croatia, 21 are threatened across Europe, and two are Red Listed taxa. Our results showed that small and isolated steppe-like grassland represents an important refuge for variety of valuable plant species in intensively used landscapes. Accordingly, such small habitats should be, at least locally, effectively protected.     

Cluster of three cases of invasive meningococcal disease in a preschool facility in West Bohemia, the Czech Republic

From 1993 to 2009, there was only one cluster of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) reported in a community of children in the Czech Republic. This exceptional cluster that occurred in a preschool facility is the focus of this report. In response to the announcement of the disease, anti-epidemic precautions were put in place. Neisseria meningitidis isolates were delivered from local laboratories to the National Reference Laboratory for Meningococcal Infections in Prague. Phenotyping was performed there along with multilocus sequence typing. Related factors and microbiological results were analyzed retrospectively. In October 2009, three girls contracted IMD within a period of 1 week in a 42-member group in a preschool facility attached to the elementary school in Starý Plzenec-Sedlec. In relation to three cases of the disease, another 66 people were registered of which 58 underwent a microbiological examination. N. meningitidis was detected in a total of five (8.6 %) people. The National Reference Laboratory for Meningococcal Infections defined the type of the strain to be C: P1.18-1,34-2,38: F1-7: ST-467 (cc269) and penA27. Tests showed the precise identity of all strains obtained from the three sick children and of two strains contracted through contact with the preschool facility. Despite the complete recovery of all patients with no permanent damage, the need for rapid cooperation between clinical sites, diagnostic laboratories, and epidemiologists was confirmed.