Mutagenicity of drinking water detected by the Tradescantia micronucleus test

Spring Lake reservoir of Macomb, Illinois, is a typical model of the drinking water supply of some midwestern towns of the United States. Water samples collected periodically in 1980 and 1981 from this lake were tested for mutagenicity using the Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) test, a highly sensitive mutagen-detecting bioassay. Water samples from 1981 were also analyzed chemically. The micronucleus (MCN) frequency peaked (12-14 MCN/100 tetrads) in mid-July in both years, as compared with the average frequency (5 MCN/100 tetrads) of the base-line control that was maintained in nutrient solution (prepared with distilled water and pure chemicals). Drinking water from the tap was tested in parallel with lake water, and its mutagenicity tended to fluctuate with the mutagenicity of the lake water.     

I-region restriction of alloantigen recognition: alloantigen expressed on the surface of a hybridoma cell must be presented in the context of self class II major histocompatibility complex determinants for recognition by a dual-reactive T-cell clone

A helper-T-lymphocyte clone, designated A10, proliferated in response to both hen egg ovalbumin (OVA) presented in the context of self I-Ak and to the alloantigen I-As. The alloantigen source could be provided by irradiated H-2s spleen cells and also by paraformaldehyde-fixed H-2s spleen cells. However, for fixed allogeneic spleen cells to stimulate proliferation of the cloned cells, it was necessary to add irradiated syngeneic I-Ak-bearing spleen cells, as fixed H-2s spleen cells added, by themselves, to A10 cells were nonstimulatory. We have extended these findings by generating a monoclonal hybridoma cell which expressed the I-As allodeterminant. Similar to our results with fixed allogeneic spleen cells, this source of alloantigen could stimulate A10 cells to proliferate only if irradiated syngeneic spleen cells were added to the cultures. These proliferative responses were effectively inhibited by anti-I-Ak monoclonal antibody (mAb) and by anti-I-As mAb. Furthermore, the response of A10 cells to the alloantigen-bearing hybridoma cells were also inhibited by the anti-L3T4 mAb GK1.5. Collectively, these data indicate that, in some situations, alloreactivity may be mediated by self class II major histocompatibility complex restriction of alloantigen-driven proliferation.     

Relation between macronuclear DNA and total protein content and generation time in thechilodonella steini (Ciliata) sister cells

Summary Using the monotone dependence function (mdf) together with correlation coefficient it was found that the Ma-DNA content as well as total protein content are regularly, linearly, positively and strongly dependent in sister cells (proter-opisthe) ofChilodonella steini. Additionally it was shown that proter-opisthe ordering is irrelevant to Ma-DNA and protein contents.Analysis of sister cell generation times (TG) confirmed the existence of regular, linear, positive and strong codependence.The relations between Ma-DNA and total protein contents, between protein content and TG, and between Ma-DNA content and TG were also described. There is a weak, linear dependence between Ma-DNA and total protein contents. Relations of TG and Ma-DNA content or TG and total protein content are non-linear and not even monotone. Low and high levels of DNA or proteins are connected with long generation times.     

Structural and functional analysis of the respiratory burst in the phagocytosing macrophage

The interrelation between structural changes and oxygen consumption by the phagocyting macrophage was studied. The mean number of phagocyted particles was estimated by the method of stereological transformation. It is found that the uptake of yeast particles and CN- -nonsensitive oxygen consumption is related to the concentration of yeast cells in the incubation medium. A positive correlation was established between the oxygen consumption and the mean number of phagocyted particles. The results obtained may suggest that the "respiration burst" takes place in the contact area of the macrophage and the phagocyted material, and its extent probably depends on the surface of that contact area.     

Characterization and evolution of a single-copy sequence from the human Y chromosome.

To study the evolution and organization of DNA from the human Y chromosome, we constructed a recombinant library of human Y DNA by using a somatic cell hybrid in which the only cytologically detectable human chromosome is the Y. One recombinant (4B2) contained a 3.3-kilobase EcoRI single-copy fragment which was localized to the proximal portion of the Y long arm. Sequences homologous to this human DNA are present in male gorilla, chimpanzee, and orangutan DNAs but not in female ape DNAs. Under stringent hybridization conditions, the homologous sequence is either a single-copy or a low-order repeat in humans and in the apes. With relaxed hybridization conditions, this human Y probe detected several homologous DNA fragments which are all derived from the Y in that they occur in male DNAs from humans and the apes but not in female DNAs. In contrast, this probe hybridized to highly repeated sequences in both male and female DNAs from old world monkeys. Thus, sequences homologous to this probe underwent a change in copy number and chromosomal distribution during primate evolution.     

Structure and localization of genes encoding aberrant and normal epidermal growth factor receptor RNAs from A431 human carcinoma cells.

A431 cells have an amplification of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene, the cellular homolog of the v-erb B oncogene, and overproduce an aberrant 2.9-kilobase RNA that encodes a portion of the EGF receptor. A cDNA (pE15) for the aberrant RNA was cloned, sequenced, and used to analyze genomic DNA blots from A431 and normal cells. These data indicate that the aberrant RNA is created by a gene rearrangement within chromosome 7, resulting in a fusion of the 5' portion of the EGF receptor gene to an unidentified region of genomic DNA. The unidentified sequences are amplified to about the same degree (20- to 30-fold) as the EGF receptor sequences. In situ hybridization to chromosomes from normal cells and A431 cells show that both the EGF receptor gene and the unidentified DNA are localized to the p14-p12 region of chromosome 7. By using cDNA fragments to probe DNA blots from mouse-A431 somatic cell hybrids, the rearranged receptor gene was shown to be associated with translocation chromosome M4.     

“同时蒸馏-萃取”分析茉莉花香成分

用一种经过改进的“同时蒸馏-萃取”仪提取了茉莉花的香成分,以 GC/MS 和 Kovats保留指数法鉴定了提取物中的28个化学成分。主要成分为:芳樟醇、乙酸苯甲酯、顺-石竹萜烯、榧烯醇、苯甲酸顺-3-己烯酯、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、二十三烯-11及吲哚。讨论了鲜花香成分和植物精油的采集与分析方法。     

新疆20种药用植物的染色体观察

本文对在新疆生长和引种栽培的10科20种药用植物染色体进行了计数和研究,其中5种进行了核型分析,6种为首次报道。     

应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测马铃薯卷叶病毒

以辣根过氧化物酶标记马铃薯卷叶病毒抗体,采用双抗体夹心ELISA方法鉴定了马铃薯和洋酸浆的茎、叶、根及马铃薯块茎中的马铃薯卷叶病毒(Potato Leafroll Virus,PLRV),结果表明,对提纯的PLRV可测出的最低浓度为25ng/ml,当包被抗体浓度为40μg/ml、酶标记抗体稀释度为1/120时,可测出马铃薯茎、叶和根汁液中的PLRV,感染PLRV的洋酸浆茎、叶和根汁液的消光值,均比无病对照者高二倍以上,虽然感染PLRV的马铃薯休眠块茎维管束组织汁液的消光值高于无病毒对照,且脐部维管束组织消光值高于顶端,但测定打破休眠的感病块茎顶端维管束组织的阳性结果更为可靠和明显。