Geographical variability of alpha-1-antitrypsin alleles in China: A study on six Chinese populations

Summary Alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes of six Chinese Han populations (20°–45°N. latitude) were determined. The frequency of allele M2 increases from North to South China. The north-south change of M2 appears to be mainly at the expense of alleles M1 and M3. Geographical variability of other variants was also observed. In the northern populations, the most common variants are M4 and Etokyo; in the southern populations, Pweishi, a variant which can not be distinguished electrophoretically from Pyasugi. These results form a distribution pattern of alpha-1-antitrypsin alleles in China.     

Characterization of Cholecystokinin from the Human Brain

Human forms of cholecystokinin have not previously been characterized chemically. In this study, we have extracted and purified the predominant molecular form of cholecystokinin present in human cerebral cortex. The peptide was characterized by amino acid analysis, automated peptide sequencing, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. It appears to be identical to porcine cholecystokinin-octapeptide, with the sequence of Asp-Tyr(SO3)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe(NH2). This structural identity is consistent with the observations that the peptide in human brain and porcine cholecystokinin-octapeptide are recognized similarly by a battery of antisera to porcine cholecystokinin; that they coelute from several chromatographic systems, including gel filtration, ion exchange, and reversed-phase; and that they possess similar biological activities.     

β-decay,Bremsstrahlen, and the origin of molecular chirality

Summary A brief review is presented of the Vester-Ulbricht -decay Bremsstrahlen hypothesis for the origin of optical activity, and of subsequent experiments designed to test it. Certain of our experiments along these lines, begun in 1974 and involving the irradiation of racemic and optically active amino acids in a 61.7 KCi⁹⁰Sr–⁹⁰Y Bremsstrahlen source, have now been completed and are described. After 10.89 years of irradiation with a total Bremsstrahlen dose of 2.5×10⁹ rads, crystallinedl-leucine, norleucine, and norvaline suffered 47.2, 33.6, and 27.4% radiolysis, respectively, but showed no evidence whatsoever of asymmetric degradation.d- andl-Leucine underwent about 48% radiolysis and showed 2.4–2.9% radioracemization. Other samples in solution were too severely degraded to analyze. Probable intrinsic reasons for the failure of the Vester-Ulbricht mechanism to afford asymmetric radiolysis in the present and related experiments involving -decay Bremsstrahlen are enumerated.A portion of this material was presented at the 7th International Conference on the Origins of Life, Mainz, FRG, July 10–15, 1983     

银杏科研的主要成就和展望

前言银杏又名白果,是现存种子植物中最古老的孑遗植物,也是源于我国的特有珍贵树种。学者们一向把它视为植物界的奇珍,在植物分类学、树木学、果树栽培学和古植物学上占有特殊的位置,至今国内外植物学家、地质学家,以及果树栽培学家们,仍对它进行着深入细致的研究。银杏的科学奥秘将逐步被揭开。     

美味侧耳病毒及其生化特性

自美味侧耳(Pleurotus sapidus)子实体中分离到两类病毒颗粒,一是球形,直径为25nm(少数为19、32am);一是杆状,具较深锯齿状亚基,大小为12～14×40～600nm,病毒具核蛋白吸收峰,最大吸收为E257nm,最小为242nm,ISCO蔗糖密度梯度离心中出现3个峰。 病毒具有分子量为44000和22000两条主要衣壳多肽,自子实体中提取到分子量约1.2×10~(?)道尔顿的dsRNA,可能是球形病毒的基因组,病毒与同属真菌糙皮侧耳(P,ostreatus)和德平菇(P,floride)球形病毒之间有血清学关系。     

流行性成人腹泻病人排出成人腹泻轮状病毒的持续时间

成人腹泻轮状病毒(Adult Diarrhoea Rotavirus,简称ADRV)是引起青壮年急性胃肠炎的主要病原之一,1983年至1985年在我国许多地区暴发流行,严重危害着人民健康,至今尚无治疗药物。因此,摸清病人排病毒情况或规律,对及时控制传染源,预防ADRV大量传播有着重要意义。现将本文实验结果报告如下。     

广西德峨苗族、彝族体质调查

对广西隆林县德峨乡男性22至60岁与女性20至60岁的576名苗族人(男395、女181)和178名彝族人(男88、女90)进行了活体观察与测量,计算出各项数据,总结德峨苗族、彝族的体质特征,并与国内一些民族相比较。     

大熊猫乳酸脱氢酶同工酶M_4胰酶水解后的HPLC肽谱分析

 比较了大熊猫与猪LDH-M_4用胰酶水解后的HPLC肽谱;对分离出的各个肽段测定了氨基酸组成与N-末端。经分析,在两者各有的35个肽段中,22个肽段有相同的氨基酸组成与N-末端且在HPLC图谱上有相同的保留时间。另外有13个肽段在氨基酸组成与保留时间上存在差异。对大熊猫LDH-M中部分肽段测定了氨基酸残基序列。结果表明,与结合NAD~+有关的12肽的序列与一级结构已知的猪LDH-M含有Cys165的相应肽段完全一样;在与底物结合部位含有His191的35肽中,两者只有一个氨基酸残基的差异。在N-端的21肽中,有3个残基出现差异;而在C-端的14肽中,仅出现一个残基的差异。     

烟草愈伤组织分化和芽原基形成期间呼吸代谢途径的改变

接种在继代培养基上的柳叶烟草愈伤组织,未观察到组织分化和芽原基形成。在分化培养基上生长的愈伤组织,接种后第6天可见拟分生组织和管胞分化,9—12天有芽原基形成,15—18天可观察到苗端结构。根据碘乙酸、Na_3PO_4和丙二酸抑制试验,以及3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶与琥珀酸脱氢酶活性测定结果,初步表明烟草愈伤组织呼吸中存在有EMP、HMP和TCAC代谢途径.在发生输导组织和芽原基分化的愈伤组织中(接种后第6—12天),HMP途径的运行程度较高;而芽原基的继续生长(培养12天以后),则与EMP途径的增加有关;分化培养基上生长的愈伤组织,始终较继代培养愈伤组织具有较高的FCAC活性水平。     

Studies on mitochondria from dystrophic skeletal muscle of mice

Mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation were compared in normal and dystrophic mouse skeletal muscles. To obtain the maximum respiration control ratio (RCR) and adenosine diphosphate/oxygen (ADP/O) ratio from isolated muscle mitochondria, it is found that there is an advantage in having a low concentration of proteinase and EGTA present in the medium during preparation of mitochondria by centrifugation fractionation. Using pyruvate, acetylcarnitine, and palmitylcarnitine as substrates for oxidation, a highly significant reduction (40-60%) is shown in oxygen uptake by dystrophic muscle mitochondria as compared to normal muscle mitochondria. Studies of the integrity of the oxidative phosphorylation apparatus in these samples showed that there is a reduction of the RCR and ADP/O ratio in dystrophic muscle mitochondria as compared to normal muscle mitochondria.