全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3944篇 |
免费 | 363篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 32篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 111篇 |
2020年 | 76篇 |
2019年 | 115篇 |
2018年 | 123篇 |
2017年 | 116篇 |
2016年 | 140篇 |
2015年 | 213篇 |
2014年 | 221篇 |
2013年 | 302篇 |
2012年 | 314篇 |
2011年 | 317篇 |
2010年 | 178篇 |
2009年 | 171篇 |
2008年 | 255篇 |
2007年 | 206篇 |
2006年 | 200篇 |
2005年 | 191篇 |
2004年 | 168篇 |
2003年 | 151篇 |
2002年 | 124篇 |
2001年 | 57篇 |
2000年 | 52篇 |
1999年 | 60篇 |
1998年 | 45篇 |
1997年 | 29篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 18篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 23篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 22篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1968年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有4309条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
971.
972.
Competitive inhibition of the auxin-induced elongation by α-D-oligogalacturonides in pea stem segments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Branca, C, De Lorenzo, G. and Cervone, F. 1988. Competitive inhibition of the auxin-induced elongation by α-D-oligogalacturonides in pea stem segments. - Physiol. Plant. 72: 499–504.
α-D-galacturonide oligomers (OG) were prepared by partial hydrolysis of sodium polypectate with an homogeneous Aspergillus niger endopolygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15). OG, obtained after digestion for 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 min and 24 h, were assayed for their ability to interfere with the IAA-induced elongation of pea ( Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) stems. Maximum inhibiting activity was exhibited by oligomers with an approximate degree of polymerization higher than 8. Inhibition by longer OG was much lower, and the products of the 24 h digestion and the unhydrolysed polypectate were ineffective. The addition of OG to pea stems caused a parallel shift to the right of the IAA dose-effect curve. The shift depended on the amount of OG used, showing that oligogalacturonides behave as competitive antagonists of IAA. The presence of OG caused the disappearance of the second maximum of the elongation rate and reduced the first maximum. OG were also tested for their ability to inhibit IAA-induced ethylene evolution of pea stem segments. Maximal inhibition was obtained with OG of the same size as those that interfered with IAA-induced elongation. Inhibition of the auxin action seemed to be specific as OG did not interfere with the activity of gibberellic acid (GA3 ) or kinetin. It was concluded that oligogalacturonides strongly interfere with the activity of IAA, although they are by themselves incapable to influence the elongation of pea stem segments directly. 相似文献
α-D-galacturonide oligomers (OG) were prepared by partial hydrolysis of sodium polypectate with an homogeneous Aspergillus niger endopolygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15). OG, obtained after digestion for 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 min and 24 h, were assayed for their ability to interfere with the IAA-induced elongation of pea ( Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) stems. Maximum inhibiting activity was exhibited by oligomers with an approximate degree of polymerization higher than 8. Inhibition by longer OG was much lower, and the products of the 24 h digestion and the unhydrolysed polypectate were ineffective. The addition of OG to pea stems caused a parallel shift to the right of the IAA dose-effect curve. The shift depended on the amount of OG used, showing that oligogalacturonides behave as competitive antagonists of IAA. The presence of OG caused the disappearance of the second maximum of the elongation rate and reduced the first maximum. OG were also tested for their ability to inhibit IAA-induced ethylene evolution of pea stem segments. Maximal inhibition was obtained with OG of the same size as those that interfered with IAA-induced elongation. Inhibition of the auxin action seemed to be specific as OG did not interfere with the activity of gibberellic acid (GA
973.
Rossini Franciele Pereira Martins João Paulo Rodrigues Moreira Samuel Werner Conde Lorenzo Toscano Clairvil Evens Braga Priscila da Conceição de Souza Falqueto Antelmo Ralph Gontijo Andreia Barcelos Passos Lima 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2022,150(1):223-236
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Despite having the ability to bioaccumulate trace elements such as cadmium (Cd), many species also present morphophysiological disorders that can... 相似文献
974.
975.
Annalisa Reale Simone Brogi Alessia Chelini Marco Paolino Angela Di Capua Germano Giuliani Andrea Cappelli Gianluca Giorgi Giulia Chemi Alessandro Grillo Massimo Valoti Lidia Sautebin Antonietta Rossi Simona Pace Concettina La Motta Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli Elena Lucarini Carla Ghelardini Maurizio Anzini 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2019,27(19):115045
A novel series of 1,5-diarylpyrrol-3-sulfur derivatives (10–12) was synthesized and characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. The biological activity of these compounds was evaluated in in vitro and in vivo tests to assess their COX-2 inhibitory activity along with anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effect.Results showed that the bioisosteric transformation of previously reported alkoxyethyl ethers (9a-c) into the corresponding alkyl thioethers (10a-c) still leads to selective and active compounds being the COX-2 inhibitory activity for most of them in the low nanomolar range. The oxidation products of 10a,b were also investigated and both couple of sulfoxides (11a,b) and sulfones (12a,b) showed an appreciable COX-2 inhibitory activity. Molecular modeling studies were performed to investigate the binding mode of the representative compounds 10b, 11b, and 12b into COX-2 enzyme and to explore the potential site of metabolism of 10a and 10b due to the different in vivo efficacy. Among the developed compounds, compound 10b showed a significant in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity paving the way to develop novel anti-inflammatory drugs. 相似文献
976.
Pradinaud Charlotte Northey Stephen Amor Ben Bare Jane Benini Lorenzo Berger Markus Boulay Anne-Marie Junqua Guillaume Lathuillière Michael J. Margni Manuele Motoshita Masaharu Niblick Briana Payen Sandra Pfister Stephan Quinteiro Paula Sonderegger Thomas Rosenbaum Ralph K. 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2019,24(5):960-974
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment - While many examples have shown unsustainable use of freshwater resources, existing LCIA methods for water use do not comprehensively address... 相似文献
977.
Bowman Sarah E. J. Backman Lindsey R. F. Bjork Rebekah E. Andorfer Mary C. Yori Santiago Caruso Alessio Stultz Collin M. Drennan Catherine L. 《Journal of biological inorganic chemistry》2019,24(6):817-829
JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry - Glycyl radical enzymes (GREs) utilize a glycyl radical cofactor to carry out a diverse array of chemically challenging enzymatic reactions in... 相似文献
978.
979.
Federica Locci Manuel Benedetti Daniela Pontiggia Matteo Citterico Claudio Caprari Benedetta Mattei Felice Cervone Giulia De Lorenzo 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2019,98(3):540-554
The plant cell wall is the barrier that pathogens must overcome to cause a disease, and to this end they secrete enzymes that degrade the various cell wall components. Due to the complexity of these components, several types of oligosaccharide fragments may be released during pathogenesis and some of these can act as damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Well‐known DAMPs are the oligogalacturonides (OGs) released upon degradation of homogalacturonan and the products of cellulose breakdown, i.e. the cellodextrins (CDs). We have previously reported that four Arabidopsis berberine bridge enzyme‐like (BBE‐like) proteins (OGOX1–4) oxidize OGs and impair their elicitor activity. We show here that another Arabidopsis BBE‐like protein, which is expressed coordinately with OGOX1 during immunity, specifically oxidizes CDs with a preference for cellotriose (CD3) and longer fragments (CD4–CD6). Oxidized CDs show a negligible elicitor activity and are less easily utilized as a carbon source by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. The enzyme, named CELLOX (cellodextrin oxidase), is encoded by the gene At4 g20860. Plants overexpressing CELLOX display an enhanced resistance to B. cinerea, probably because oxidized CDs are a less valuable carbon source. Thus, the capacity to oxidize and impair the biological activity of cell wall‐derived oligosaccharides seems to be a general trait of the family of BBE‐like proteins, which may serve to homeostatically control the level of DAMPs to prevent their hyperaccumulation. 相似文献
980.
Thi Cuc Nguyen Tomer Fishman Alessio Miatto Hiroki Tanikawa 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2019,23(3):663-673
This study is a pioneering effort to quantify the materials stocked in the road network of a developing country, Vietnam, and analyze its relationships to the country's recent economic development. National road networks function as capital and infrastructure investments that are necessary catalysts for countries’ development, while requiring the extraction of vast amounts of construction materials for expansion and maintenance causing environmental impacts. However, there has so far been little research on the subject, especially in developing countries. We compile material stock and flow accounts for Vietnam's roads from 2003 to 2013 on the national and provincial levels, finding that approximately 40% of the domestic consumption of construction materials is for expanding and maintaining the road network, and the materials stocked in the road network doubled from 1,321 million metric tons in 2003 to 2,660 million metric tons in 2012. Material stock growth rates closely resembled those of gross domestic product (GDP) in this period, suggesting a codependency of physical infrastructure development and economic development. On the provincial level, our results show local disparities in the stock and its capacity to support the transportation of passengers and freight, especially considering the surging growth of vehicles in urban centers. By showcasing the challenges of conducting a material flow and stock analysis in a developing country, this study not only sheds light on Vietnam's transportation material stock and its policy implications, but also serves as a case study for further work in similar countries. 相似文献