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51.
Dawid Siodłak Justyna Grondys Tadeusz Lis Maciej Bujak Małgorzata A. Broda Barbara Rzeszotarska 《Journal of peptide science》2010,16(9):496-505
Dehydrobutyrine is the most naturally occurring dehydroamino acid. It is also the simplest dehydroamino acid having the geometrical isomers E/Z. To investigate its conformational properties, a theoretical analysis was performed on N‐acetyl‐α,β‐dehydrobutyrine N′‐methylamides, Ac‐(E)‐ΔAbu‐NHMe and Ac‐(Z)‐ΔAbu‐NHMe, as well as the dehydrovaline derivative Ac‐ΔVal‐NHMe. The ?, ψ potential energy surfaces and the localised conformers were calculated at the B3LYP/6‐311 + + G(d,p) level of theory both in vacuo and with inclusion of the solvent (chloroform, water) effect (SCRF method). The X‐ray crystal structures of Ac‐(Z)‐ΔAbu‐NHMe and Ac‐ΔVal‐NHMe were determined at 85 and 100 K, respectively. The solid‐state conformational preferences for the studied residues have been analysed and compared with the other related structures. Despite the limitations imposed by the Cα = Cβ double bond on the topography of the side chains, the main chains of the studied dehydroamino acids are more flexible than in standard alanine. The studied dehydroamino acids differ in their conformational preferences, which depend on the polarity of the environment. This might be a reason why the nature quite precisely differentiates between ΔVal and each of the ΔAbu isomers, and why, particularly so with the latter, they are used as a conformational tool to influence the biological action of usually small, cyclic dehydropeptides. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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53.
New insights into the unique structure of the F0F1-ATP synthase from the chlamydomonad algae Polytomella sp. and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 下载免费PDF全文
In this study, we investigate the structure of the mitochondrial F(0)F(1)-ATP synthase of the colorless alga Polytomella sp. with respect to the enzyme of its green close relative Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. It is demonstrated that several unique features of the ATP synthase in C. reinhardtii are also present in Polytomella sp. The alpha- and beta-subunits of the ATP synthase from both algae are highly unusual in that they exhibit extensions at their N- and C-terminal ends, respectively. Several subunits of the Polytomella ATP synthase in the range of 9 to 66 kD have homologs in the green alga but do not have known equivalents as yet in mitochondrial ATP synthases of mammals, plants, or fungi. The largest of these so-called ASA (ATP Synthase-Associated) subunits, ASA1, is shown to be an extrinsic protein. Short heat treatment of isolated Polytomella mitochondria unexpectedly dissociated the otherwise highly stable ATP synthase dimer of 1,600 kD into subcomplexes of 800 and 400 kD, assigned as the ATP synthase monomer and F(1)-ATPase, respectively. Whereas no ASA subunits were found in the F(1)-ATPase, all but two were present in the monomer. ASA6 (12 kD) and ASA9 (9 kD), predicted to be membrane bound, were not detected in the monomer and are thus proposed to be involved in the formation or stabilization of the enzyme. A hypothetical configuration of the Chlamydomonad dimeric ATP synthase portraying its unique features is provided to spur further research on this topic. 相似文献
54.
Reppe S Stilgren L Abrahamsen B Olstad OK Cero F Brixen K Nissen-Meyer LS Gautvik KM 《American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism》2007,292(5):E1465-E1473
In primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), excess PTH secretion by adenomatous or hyperplastic parathyroid glands leads to elevated serum [Ca(2+)]. Patients present complex symptoms of muscular fatigue, various neuropsychiatric, neuromuscular, and cardiovascular manifestations, and, in advanced disease, kidney stones and metabolic bone disease. Our objective was to characterize changes in muscle and hematopoietic gene expression in patients with reversible mild PHPT after parathyroidectomy and possibly link molecular pathology to symptoms. Global mRNA profiling using Affymetrix gene chips was carried out in biopsies obtained before and 1 yr after parathyroidectomy in seven patients discovered by routine blood [Ca(2+)] screening. The tissue distribution of PTH receptor (PTHR1 and PTHR2) mRNAs were quantitated using real-time RT-PCR in unrelated persons to define PTH target tissues. Of about 10,000 expressed genes, 175 muscle, 169 hematological, and 99 bone-associated mRNAs were affected. Notably, the major part of muscle-related mRNAs was increased whereas hematological mRNAs were predominantly decreased during disease. Functional and molecular network analysis demonstrated major alterations of several tissue characteristic groups of mRNAs as well as those belonging to common cell signaling and major metabolic pathways. PTHR1 and PTHR2 mRNAs were more abundantly expressed in muscle and brain than in hematopoietic cells. We suggest that sustained stimulation of PTH receptors present in brain, muscle, and hematopoietic cells have to be considered as one independent, important cause of molecular disease in PHPT leading to profound alterations in gene expression that may help explain symptoms like muscle fatigue, cardiovascular pathology, and precipitation of psychiatric illness. 相似文献
55.
The dissociation kinetics of the europium(III) complex with H8dotp ligand was studied by means of molecular absorption spectroscopy in UV region at ionic strength 3.0 mol dm−3 (Na,H)ClO4 and in temperature region 25-60 °C. Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLIFS) was employed in order to determine the number of water molecules in the first coordination sphere of the europium(III) reaction intermediates and the final products. This technique was also utilized to deduce the composition of reaction intermediates in course of dissociation reaction simultaneously with calculation of rate constants and it demonstrates the elucidation of intimate reaction mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters for the formation of kinetic intermediate (ΔH0 = 11 ± 3 kJ mol−1, ΔS0 = 41 ± 11 J K−1 mol−1) and the activation parameters (Ea = 69 ± 8 kJ mol−1, ΔH≠ = 67 ± 8 kJ mol−1, ΔS≠ = −83 ± 24 J K−1 mol−1) for the rate-determining step describing the complex dissociation were determined. The mechanism of proton-assisted reaction was proposed on the basis of the experimental data. 相似文献
56.
Anita Skafjeld Marjolein. M. Iversen Ingar Holme Lis Ribu Kjetil Hvaal Bente. K. Kilhovd 《BMC endocrine disorders》2015,15(1):55
Background
Although monitoring foot skin temperatures has been associated with diabetic foot ulcer recurrence, no studies have been carried out to test the feasibility among European Caucasians. Moreover, the educational and/or motivational models that promote cognitive or psychosocial processes in these studies are lacking. Thus, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to test the feasibility of monitoring foot skin temperatures in combination with theory-based counselling to standard foot care to reduce diabetic foot ulcer recurrence.Methods
In a single-blinded nurse-led 1-year controlled trial, conducted at a hospital setting in Norway, 41 patients with diabetic neuropathy and previous foot ulcer were randomized to the intervention (n?=?21) or control groups (n?=?20). All participants were instructed in foot care and recording observations daily. Additionally, the intervention group was taught how to monitor and record skin temperature at baseline, and received counselling every third month supporting them to use the new treatment. Subjects observing temperature differences >2.0 °C between corresponding sites on the left and right foot on two consecutive days were asked to contact the study nurse and reduce physical activity. Fisher exact test was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the proportion of subjects with a foot ulcer. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare the two groups in regard to the time to development of a foot ulcer.Results
In the intervention group, 67 % (n?=?14/21) monitored and recorded skin temperatures ≥80 % of the time while 70 % (n?=?14/20) of the controls recorded foot inspections. Foot ulcer incidence was 39 % (7/21) vs. 50 % (10/20) in the intervention and control groups, respectively (ns).Conclusions
This feasibility study showed that the addition of counselling to promote self-monitoring of skin temperature to standard care to prevent recurrence of foot ulcer is feasible in patients with diabetes in Norway. Home skin temperature monitoring was performed as frequently by the intervention group as usual foot observations in the controls despite the extra effort required. We did not detect a difference in foot ulcer recurrence between groups, but our study may inform future full scale studies.Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT0126950257.
Barrionuevo P Delpino MV Velásquez LN García Samartino C Coria LM Ibañez AE Rodríguez ME Cassataro J Giambartolomei GH 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2011,13(3):239-250
The strategies that allow Brucella abortus to persist for years inside macrophages subverting host immune responses are not completely understood. Immunity against this bacterium relies on the capacity of IFN-γ to activate macrophages, endowing them with the ability to destroy intracellular bacteria. We report here that infection with B. abortus down-modulates the expression of the type I receptor for the Fc portion of IgG (FcγRI, CD64) and FcγRI-restricted phagocytosis regulated by IFN-γ in human monocytes/macrophages. Both phenomena were not dependent on bacterial viability, since they were also induced by heat-killed B. abortus (HKBA), suggesting that they were elicited by a structural bacterial component. Accordingly, a prototypical B. abortus lipoprotein (L-Omp19), but not its unlipidated form, inhibited both CD64 expression and FcγRI-restricted phagocytosis regulated by IFN-γ. Moreover, a synthetic lipohexapeptide that mimics the structure of the protein lipid moiety also inhibited CD64 expression, indicating that any Brucella lipoprotein could down-modulate CD64 expression and FcγRI-restricted phagocytosis. Pre-incubation of monocytes/macrophages with anti-TLR2 mAb blocked the inhibition of the CD64 expression mediated by HKBA and L-Omp19. These results, together with our previous observations establish that B. abortus utilizes its lipoproteins to inhibit the monocytes/macrophages activation mediated by IFN-γ and to subvert host immunonological responses. 相似文献
58.
Brower-Toland B Wacker DA Fulbright RM Lis JT Kraus WL Wang MD 《Journal of molecular biology》2005,346(1):135-146
The distinct contributions of histone tails and their acetylation to nucleosomal stability were examined by mechanical disruption of individual nucleosomes in a single chromatin fiber using an optical trap. Enzymatic removal of H2A/H2B tails primarily decreased the strength of histone-DNA interactions located approximately +/-36bp from the dyad axis of symmetry (off-dyad strong interactions), whereas removal of the H3/H4 tails played a greater role in regulating the total amount of DNA bound. Similarly, nucleosomes composed of histones acetylated to different degrees by the histone acetyltransferase p300 exhibited significant decreases in the off-dyad strong interactions and the total amount of DNA bound. Acetylation of H2A/H2B appears to play a particularly critical role in weakening the off-dyad strong interactions. Collectively, our results suggest that the destabilizing effects of tail acetylation may be due to elimination of specific key interactions in the nucleosome. 相似文献
59.
60.
The intentional introduction of a species for the enhancement of stock or establishment of new fisheries, often has unforeseen
effects. The red king crabs, Paralithodes camtschaticus, which was introduced into the Barents Sea by Russian scientists, has established a self-sustaining population that has expanded
into Norwegian waters. As top benthic predators, the introduced red king crabs may have possible effects upon native epifaunal
scallop (Chlamys islandica) communities. These benthic communities may be a source of prey species in late spring, when the red king crabs feed most
intensively. Foraging rates (consumption, killing or severely damaging) of red king crab on native prey organisms were measured
by factorial manipulation of crab density (0.5, 1.5 and 3 per m 2), size classes (immature, small mature, and large mature crabs), and by evaluating prey consumption after 48 h, in order
to extrapolate a scenario of the likely impacts. Foraging rates of the red king crab on scallops ranged between 150 and 335
g per m2 within 48 h. These rates did not change when crab density was altered, though an increased amount of crushed scallops left
uneaten at the tank floor, were correlated with high density of small mature crabs. Foraging rate changed significantly with
crab size. Consequently, the susceptibility of native, shallow water epibenthic communities to red king crab predation in
the early life history stages, and during the post-mating/molting spring period, must be considered significant when foraging
rates are contrasted with natural scallop biomass between 400 and 1200 g scallops per m2. 相似文献