枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂对人参黑斑病的生物防治效果

为明确枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂(WP)对人参黑斑病的防治效果及对人参生长的安全性,采用生长速率法测定枯草芽孢杆菌对人参黑斑病菌的室内抑菌效果,采用田间小区试验评价枯草芽孢杆菌对人参黑斑病的防治效果及其对人参的安全性。室内抑菌试验结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌对人参黑斑病菌的菌丝生长具有较好的抑制作用,EC_(50)和EC_(90)分别为0.690 mg/L和103.402 mg/L。两年三地田间试验结果表明:1 000亿CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌WP在3种施用剂量下对人参黑斑病均有较好的防治效果,平均防效在69.02%～80.95%,其中使用剂量为80 g/667 m~2时防效最好,与对照药剂250 g/L嘧菌酯SC防效差异不显著(P0.05)。该药剂对人参生长无不良影响。1 000亿CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌WP对人参安全,可用于人参黑斑病的防治,建议在人参发病前或发病初期茎叶喷雾,推荐剂量为60～80 g/667 m~2。     

分娩方式对婴儿出生后一年内肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨不同分娩方式对婴儿出生后1年内肠道菌群定植的影响。方法选取45例新生儿为研究对象,根据分娩方式分为自然分娩组(n=27)和剖宫产组(n=18)。收集婴儿出生后0(胎粪)、3、6和12个月的粪便标本,应用高通量测序技术分析肠道菌群多样性及组成。结果与自然分娩组比较,在0个月时剖宫产组婴儿粪便标本拟杆菌门的相对丰度显著降低(Z=-2.374 1,P=0.017 6)。2组研究对象中,除自然分娩组和剖宫产组0个月时婴儿粪便标本分别以埃希菌-志贺菌属和克雷伯菌属为优势菌属外,余下均以双歧杆菌属为优势菌属。相比于自然分娩组,在0个月时剖宫产组婴儿粪便标本埃希菌-志贺菌属和肠杆菌属所占比例显著降低(Z=-2.136 4,P=0.032 7;Z=-2.940 8,P=0.003 3),克雷伯菌属和罗氏菌属所占比例显著升高(Z=-2.642 4,P=0.008 2;Z=-2.299 4,P=0.021 5);6个月时罗氏菌属所占比例显著降低(Z=-2.045 0,P=0.040 9),肠球菌属所占比例显著升高(Z=-2.109 2,P=0.034 9)。结论不同分娩方式下的婴儿肠道菌群的构成存在显著差异。     

Establishment of a micropropagation supporting technology for the Fraxinus mandshurica × Fraxinus sogdiana

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant - The interspecific hybridization can take advantage of heterosis and combine the double parental traits most extensively, and is an effective...     

Evidence for a synergistic effect of post‐translational modifications and genomic composition of eEF‐1α on the adaptation of Phytophthora infestans

Genetic variation plays a fundamental role in pathogen''s adaptation to environmental stresses. Pathogens with low genetic variation tend to survive and proliferate more poorly due to their lack of genotypic/phenotypic polymorphisms in responding to fluctuating environments. Evolutionary theory hypothesizes that the adaptive disadvantage of genes with low genomic variation can be compensated for structural diversity of proteins through post‐translation modification (PTM) but this theory is rarely tested experimentally and its implication to sustainable disease management is hardly discussed. In this study, we analyzed nucleotide characteristics of eukaryotic translation elongation factor‐1α (eEF‐lα) gene from 165 Phytophthora infestans isolates and the physical and chemical properties of its derived proteins. We found a low sequence variation of eEF‐lα protein, possibly attributable to purifying selection and a lack of intra‐genic recombination rather than reduced mutation. In the only two isoforms detected by the study, the major one accounted for >95% of the pathogen collection and displayed a significantly higher fitness than the minor one. High lysine representation enhances the opportunity of the eEF‐1α protein to be methylated and the absence of disulfide bonds is consistent with the structural prediction showing that many disordered regions are existed in the protein. Methylation, structural disordering, and possibly other PTMs ensure the ability of the protein to modify its functions during biological, cellular and biochemical processes, and compensate for its adaptive disadvantage caused by sequence conservation. Our results indicate that PTMs may function synergistically with nucleotide codes to regulate the adaptive landscape of eEF‐1α, possibly as well as other housekeeping genes, in P. infestans. Compensatory evolution between pre‐ and post‐translational phase in eEF‐1α could enable pathogens quickly adapting to disease management strategies while efficiently maintaining critical roles of the protein playing in biological, cellular, and biochemical activities. Implications of these results to sustainable plant disease management are discussed.     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7 EspA和EspB蛋白的重组表达及其免疫效果

目的：通过DNA重组技术表达肠出血性大肠杆菌（EHEC）0157：H7的EspA和EspB蛋白,并分析它们的免疫保护性。方法：采用PCR技术从EHEC0157：H7基因组中扩增espA和espB基因,连接至pET-22b（4-）载体上,转化至宿主细胞大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,经IPTG诱导表达,用亲和层析纯化目的蛋白,SDS-PAGE测定其相对分子质量,免疫小鼠分析其免疫保护性。结果：重组espA和espB基因片段的测序结果与GenBank中的相应基因序列完全一致,一致性均为100％;得到了纯度为95％以上的重组EspA和EspB蛋白,免疫小鼠所得到的抗体效价均为10^6。结论：重组EspA和EspB蛋白获得了可溶性表达,表达的蛋白具有良好的免疫保护性,为进一步制备疫苗奠定了基础。     

MicroRNA-409-3p inhibits migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells via targeting c-Met

There is increasing evidence suggesting that dysregulation of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Previous studies have shown that miR-409-3p is dysregulated in some malignancies, but its role in bladder cancer is still unknown. Here, we find that miR-409-3p is down-regulated in human bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. Enforced expression of miR-409-3p in bladder cancer cells significantly reduced their migration and invasion without affecting cell viability. Bioinformatics analysis identified the pro-metastatic gene c-Met as a potential miR-409-3p target. Further studies indicated that miR-409-3p suppressed the expression of c-Met by binding to its 3′-untranslated region. Silencing of c-Met by small interfering RNAs phenocopied the effects of miR-409-3p overexpression, whereas restoration of c-Met in bladder cancer cells bladder cancer cells overexpressing miR-409-3p, partially reversed the suppressive effects of miR-409-3p. We further showed that MMP2 and MMP9 may be downstream effector proteins of miR-409-3p. These findings indicate that miR-409-3p could be a potential tumor suppressor in bladder cancer.     

Bone morphogenetic protein 9 overexpression reduces osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is known to promote tumor migration and invasion. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β family expressed in a variety of human carcinoma cell lines. The role of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), the most powerful osteogenic factor, in osteosarcoma (OS) progression has not been fully clarified. The expression of BMP9 and its receptors in OS cell lines was analyzed by RT-PCR. We found that BMP9 and its receptors were expressed in OS cell lines. We further investigated the influence of BMP9 on the biological behaviors of OS cells. BMP9 overexpression in the OS cell lines 143B and MG63 inhibited in vitro cell migration and invasion. We further investigated the expression of a panel of cancer-related genes and found that BMP9 overexpression increased the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 proteins, increased the expression of ID1, and reduced the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in OS cells. BMP9 silencing induced the opposite effects. We also found that BMP9 may not affect the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis to regulate the invasiveness and metastatic capacity of OS cells. Interestingly, CXCR4 was expressed in both 143B and MG63 cells, while CXCL12 was only detected in MG63 cells. Taken together, we hypothesize that BMP9 inhibits the migration and invasiveness of OS cells through a Smad-dependent pathway by downregulating the expression and activity of MMP9.     

Directional Modifications of Resibufogenin by Mucor subtilissimus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Directional modifications of resibufogenin 1 by Mucor subtilissimus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were carried out. The substrate was hydroxylated at C-12 by M. subtilissimus AS 3.2454, from which a major product 12-hydroxyresibufogenin 2 was obtained. Then product 2 was dehydrogenated by P. aeruginosa AS 1.860, which resulted in a new compound 12β-hydroxy-3-keto-resibufogenin 3.     

Effects of High Dose of Anisodamine on the Respiratory Function of Patients with Traumatic Acute Lung Injury

The objective of this study is to observe the effects of high dose of anisodamine in the respiratory function of patients with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by trauma. Fifty cases of patients with complicated ALI after trauma were randomly divided into the anisodamine treatment group (n = 26) and the conventional treatment group (n = 24). Intravenous injection of high dose of anisodamine was administrated in the anisodamine treatment group on the basis of conventional treatment. Acute lung injury scores, oxygenation index, PaO₂, respiratory mechanic index, mechanical ventilation time, and the occurrence of adverse reactions in the two groups were observed. Acute lung injury scores and respiratory parameters were all significantly improved in the two groups of patients after the treatment (P < 0.05); compared with the conventional treatment group, the improvements of respiratory function in the anisodamine treatment group were more obvious (P < 0.05), the mechanical ventilation time was shorter (P < 0.05), and there was no significant adverse reaction. In conclusion, high dose of anisodamine contributed to improve the respiratory function of the patients with traumatic ALI.     

Variation Characteristics of Chlorpyrifos in Nonsterile Wetland Plant Hydroponic System

Six wetland plants were investigated for their effect on the degradation characteristics of chlorpyrifos in nonsterile hydroponic system at constant temperature of 28°C. The results showed that the removal rates of chlorpyrifos in the water of plant systems were 1.26–5.56% higher than that in the control without plants. Scirpus validus and Typha angustifolia were better than other hygrophytes in elimination of chlorpyrifos. The removal rates of the two systems were up to 88%. Plants of acaulescent group had an advantage over caulescent group in removing chlorpyrifos. Phytoaccumulation of chlorpyrifos was observed, and the order of chlorpyrifos concentration in different plant tissues was root > stem > leaf. It was also found that chlorpyrifos and its metabolite TCP decreased rapidly at the initial step of the experiment.