缺乏抗坏血酸对豚鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

边缘性缺乏抗坏血酸之豚鼠,于三周内其肝脏及小肠粘膜3-羟-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR)活力均下降到原有水平的50％,但肝脏胆固醇7α-羟化酶活力尚无显著性改变。坏血病豚鼠(三周内)上述几种酶活力都下降至原有水平的50％左右。豚鼠摄取抗坏血酸不足,其血清总胆固醇浓度显著增加,而血清高密度脂蛋自胆固醇浓度显著减少,其改变程度与抗坏血酸缺乏状况一致。     

New hybrids with d genome wheat relatives

The cytology of nine new D genome hybrids involving Triticum syriacum, Triticum ventricosum, Triticum cyclindricum, Triticum juvenale, Triticum crassum, Triticum tauschii and Triticum aestivum is described. The calculation of numerical values of the relative affinity and the patterns of chromosome pairing indicate that the D genome in T. syriacum and T. juvenale may have been substantially modified and that of T. crassum somewhat modified from that of the diploid progenitor, T. tauschii.     

Ribonuclease A: carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance assignments, binding sites, and conformational flexibility

Assignments have been made for 11 methyl, one Gln-C gamma, one Thr-C beta, and all six Tyr-C zeta carbon resonances of ribonuclease A. These partially serve to delineate the binding sites for Cu2+, Mn2+, phosphate, cytidine and its 2'-, 3'-, and 5'-phosphates (Cyd and Cyd-2'-P, -3'-P, and -5'-P), and one or a few urea molecules at low concentration. Evidence is presented for a conformational change, and hence flexibility, in the active site region around the optimum pD for enzymic activity and another such change at around the optimum temperature. The binding of cytidine-containing ligands is shown to have extensive conformational consequences for methyl groups but less for hydrophobic aromatic residues, implying that the former make a special contribution to molecular flexibility. The cytosine ring in Cyd-2'-P, -3'-P, and -5'-P is found to be close but far from parallel to the ring of Phe-120. In contrast to previous claims, ribonuclease A is shown not to unfold even partially before denaturation. On denaturation, it passes to a new but structured state.     

氨基酰化酶中金属锌离子的功能作用

 氨基酰化酶是含锌金属酶。该酶每摩尔蛋白中含2摩尔Zn(Ⅱ)离子。金属鳌合剂与酶作用,通过竞争螯合Zn(Ⅱ)离子使酶活力下降。残余活力与残留金属含量呈正相关。竞争螯合的结果,生成不含金属的脱辅基酶蛋白,并导致酶活力的丧失。脱辅基酶由于加入Zn(Ⅱ)离子而恢复其活力。实验表明金属锌离子是氨基酰化酶催化活力所必需。与Zn(Ⅱ)离子相似,Co(Ⅱ)离子也可与脱辅基酶相结合并使之复活。 在190—240nm区域内对比了天然酶、脱辅基酶蛋白与Co(Ⅱ)置换氨基酰化酶的圆二色谱。远紫外圆二色谱表明,与天然酶相比,在脱辅基酶中由于金属离子的丧失导致主链构象发生变化,其中α螺旋增加约7％。因而锌离子(钴离子)对蛋白主链的反应最适构象有一定的稳定作用。脱辅基酶与Co(Ⅱ)离子结合,酶的主链构象恢复至与天然酶几近相同。可认为这是促使酶复活的内在因素。     

2,4-D和6-BA对向日葵下胚轴愈伤组织生长及钙调蛋白的影响

自 Anderson和 Cormier(1979)从植物中分离提取钙调蛋白(简称 CaM)后,对它的结构功能进行了广泛的研究,发现 CaM在光合作用(Barr等 1980)、酶的激活(Matsumoto等 1983)、蛋白磷酸化(Gideon等1982)等方面均起着重要作用。还证明CaM与生长素、细胞分裂素以及α-淀粉酶的分泌等有密切关系(Elliott 1983,Raghothama等1983;Saunders等1982)Elliott认为植物激素的促     

腺苷酸激酶在我国九个民族中的多态分布

用淀粉胶电泳及特异染色的方法,对我国9个民族的腺苷酸激酶(AK)多态分布进行了测定。9个民族中维吾尔族AK表型分布具有多态性。维吾尔族中AK_1~1基因频率为0.965,AK_1~2基因频率为0.035,而侗、回、白、土家、苗、彝、藏、满等8个民族的AK_1~2均未达到多态水平。在9个民族中AK_1表型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,并且未发现其它罕见表型。     

水蒸汽蒸馏巴柑檬叶和果皮精油化学成分的研究

巴柑檬是我们第一次从国外引种成功的一种名贵香料植物。用色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术、毛细管气相色谱保留指数法和标准品叠加法分析了水蒸汽蒸馏巴柑檬叶和果皮精油的化学成分。从叶和果皮精油分离出来的220个和200个成分中,分别鉴定出48个和57个成分。鉴定组分的含量分别占叶和果皮精油的99.80％和98.54％。叶精油与果皮精油在化学成分方面的主要区别是叶油中萜烃化合物含量较低,而萜醇类化合物含量较高。     

Behaviour of photosynthetic products associated with growth and grain production in the rice plant

Summary A study of the behaviour of the photosynthetic products assimilated at different growth stages was conducted in the field and in the greenhouse using C¹⁴ tracer.In general, the assimilated carbon is translocated to and accumulates in the growing organs. The carbon assimilated at the maximum tiller number stage is distributed mostly to the lower leaves. The carbon assimilated at the booting stage is distributed mostly to the spikelet, certain leaf sheaths and culms. The carbon accumulated in the form of carbohydrates in the leaf sheaths and the culm before flowering is retranslocated to the panicle after flowering. However, because of the consumption by respiration, the efficiency of this type of carbohydrate in grain production is not very high. The carbon assimilated after flowering accumulated mostly and efficiently in the brown rice.The release of the assimilated carbon as CO₂ is most intense immediately after assimilation. Thirty-five to 60 per cent of the assimilated carbon is consumed through respiration under the conditions of this experiment. As the carbon, which is in the form of sugars, rapidly changes to other forms, and also is consumed by respiration, the consumption declines rapidly. The retention percentage of assimilated carbon decreases as mutual shading increases.The large proportion of carbon released through respiration indicates the importance of studies on the significance of respiration in relation to growth.A portion of the thesis for the Master of Science degree submitted by Mr. Shen Lian to the Graduate School, University of the Philippines, College of Agriculture.     

在核苷酸三磷酸酶活化过程中核苷酸与Na~+之间的关系

<正> Na~++K~+-ATP酶反应序列包括依赖Na~+的磷酸化作用及依赖K~+的去磷酸化作用。具体包括五部分反应:1.Na~+和ATP与酶的高亲和结合部位任意结合;2.依赖Na~+和Mg~(++)的磷酸化反应,此步被ADP所抑制;3.从对ADP敏感的E_1～P转化成对K~+敏感的E_2-P;4.在K~+刺激下使E_2-P水解,释放无机磷;5.核苷酸促使E_2K→E_1K转换。 为探讨膜结合Na~+和K~+激活的核苷酸三磷酸酶活性及依赖Na~+的磷酸化反应的核苷酸特异性,我们选用ATP、CTP、ITP和GTP四种核苷酸做底物,观察Na~+与核苷酸的关系。