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31.
Introduction
Management of osteoarthritis (OA) includes the use of non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies. Although walking is commonly recommended for reducing pain and increasing physical function in people with OA, glucosamine sulphate has also been used to alleviate pain and slow the progression of OA. This study evaluated the effects of a progressive walking program and glucosamine sulphate intake on OA symptoms and physical activity participation in people with mild to moderate hip or knee OA. 相似文献32.
Amrita Pati Cecilia Vasquez-Robinet Lenwood S Heath Ruth Grene TM Murali 《BMC bioinformatics》2006,7(1):218-14
Background
Modeling of cis-elements or regulatory motifs in promoter (upstream) regions of genes is a challenging computational problem. In this work, set of regulatory motifs simultaneously present in the promoters of a set of genes is modeled as a biclique in a suitably defined bipartite graph. A biologically meaningful co-occurrence of multiple cis-elements in a gene promoter is assessed by the combined analysis of genomic and gene expression data. Greater statistical significance is associated with a set of genes that shares a common set of regulatory motifs, while simultaneously exhibiting highly correlated gene expression under given experimental conditions. 相似文献33.
Miguel?Lacerda Penny?L?Moore Nobubelo?K?Ngandu Michael?Seaman Elin?S?Gray Ben?Murrell Mohan?Krishnamoorthy Molati?Nonyane Maphuti?Madiga Constantinos?Kurt?Wibmer Daniel?Sheward Robert?T?Bailer Hongmei?Gao Kelli?M?Greene Salim?S?Abdool?Karim John?R?Mascola Bette?TM?Korber David?C?Montefiori Lynn?Morris Carolyn?Williamson Cathal?SeoigheEmail author the CAVD-NSDP Consortium 《Virology journal》2013,10(1):347
Background
Identification of the epitopes targeted by antibodies that can neutralize diverse HIV-1 strains can provide important clues for the design of a preventative vaccine.Methods
We have developed a computational approach that can identify key amino acids within the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein that influence sensitivity to broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies. Given a sequence alignment and neutralization titers for a panel of viruses, the method works by fitting a phylogenetic model that allows the amino acid frequencies at each site to depend on neutralization sensitivities. Sites at which viral evolution influences neutralization sensitivity were identified using Bayes factors (BFs) to compare the fit of this model to that of a null model in which sequences evolved independently of antibody sensitivity. Conformational epitopes were identified with a Metropolis algorithm that searched for a cluster of sites with large Bayes factors on the tertiary structure of the viral envelope.Results
We applied our method to ID50 neutralization data generated from seven HIV-1 subtype C serum samples with neutralization breadth that had been tested against a multi-clade panel of 225 pseudoviruses for which envelope sequences were also available. For each sample, between two and four sites were identified that were strongly associated with neutralization sensitivity (2ln(BF)?>?6), a subset of which were experimentally confirmed using site-directed mutagenesis.Conclusions
Our results provide strong support for the use of evolutionary models applied to cross-sectional viral neutralization data to identify the epitopes of serum antibodies that confer neutralization breadth.34.
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are efficient biological pest control agents. Population genetics studies on EPN are seldom
known. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the significance of molecular sampling method (MSM) for accuracy, time needed, and
cost effectiveness over traditional sampling method (TSM). The study was conducted at the Mohican Hills golf course at the state
of Ohio where the EPN H. bacteriophora has been monitored for 18 years. The nematode population occupies an area of
approximately 3700 m2 with density range from 0.25-2 per gram soil. Genetic diversity of EPN was studied by molecular sampling
method (MSM) and traditional sampling method (TSM) using the mitochondrial gene pcox1. The MSM picked 88% in compared to
TSM with only 30% of sequenced cox 1 gene. All studied genetic polymorphism measures (sequence and haplotype) showed high
levels of genetic diversity of MSM over TSM. MSM minimizes the chance of mitochondrial genes amplification from non target
organisms (insect or other contaminating microorganisms). Moreover, it allows the sampling of more individuals with a reliable
and credible representative sample size. Thus, we show that MSM supersedes TSM in labour intensity, time consumption and
requirement of no special experience and efficiency. 相似文献
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Rising atmospheric CO(2) often triggers the production of plant phenolics, including many that serve as herbivore deterrents, digestion reducers, antimicrobials, or ultraviolet sunscreens. Such responses are predicted by popular models of plant defense, especially resource availability models which link carbon availability to phenolic biosynthesis. CO(2) availability is also increasing in the oceans, where anthropogenic emissions cause ocean acidification, decreasing seawater pH and shifting the carbonate system towards further CO(2) enrichment. Such conditions tend to increase seagrass productivity but may also increase rates of grazing on these marine plants. Here we show that high CO(2) / low pH conditions of OA decrease, rather than increase, concentrations of phenolic protective substances in seagrasses and eurysaline marine plants. We observed a loss of simple and polymeric phenolics in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa near a volcanic CO(2) vent on the Island of Vulcano, Italy, where pH values decreased from 8.1 to 7.3 and pCO(2) concentrations increased ten-fold. We observed similar responses in two estuarine species, Ruppia maritima and Potamogeton perfoliatus, in in situ Free-Ocean-Carbon-Enrichment experiments conducted in tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay, USA. These responses are strikingly different than those exhibited by terrestrial plants. The loss of phenolic substances may explain the higher-than-usual rates of grazing observed near undersea CO(2) vents and suggests that ocean acidification may alter coastal carbon fluxes by affecting rates of decomposition, grazing, and disease. Our observations temper recent predictions that seagrasses would necessarily be "winners" in a high CO(2) world. 相似文献
38.
Jessica Gokee LaRose Tricia M. Leahey Brad M. Weinberg Rajiv Kumar Rena R. Wing 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2012,20(11):2314-2316
Young adults (YA) are underrepresented in behavioral weight loss programs and achieve poorer outcomes than older adults (OA). There has been a call to develop programs specifically targeting this age group. This study examined the performance of YA enrolled in a low‐intensity, team‐based weight loss campaign and compared their outcomes to OA to determine the utility of such an approach for weight loss in this population. Shape Up Rhode Island (SURI) 2009 was a 12‐week online team‐based weight loss and exercise competition (N = 6,795, 81% female, 94% white, age = 44.7 ± 11.2, BMI = 29.4 ± 5.9). YA was defined as 18–35 years and OA as >35 years; YA and OA were compared on enrollment, retention, weight loss, and change in steps. A total of 1,562 YA enrolled and 715 completed the program. Fewer YA completed compared with OA (46 vs. 62%, P < 0.001). However, among completers, YA achieved greater percent weight loss (‐4.5 ± 4.0 vs. ?3.8 ± 3.2%) and greater daily step change (+1,578.2 ± 3,877.2 vs. +1,342.2 ± 3,645.7) than OA (P's < 0.001). Further, more YA completers achieved a ≥5% weight loss (40 vs. 29%, P < 0.001). Findings were consistent in the overweight/obese (OW/OB) subsample, and using ≤25 years of age as the cut off for YA. Weight losses among YA in this low‐intensity weight loss campaign were quite promising, with over 700 YA completing the program and on average achieving a 4.5% weight loss. Indeed, the potential public health impact of such an approach is substantial; future efforts to develop programs for this age group may benefit from using a low‐intensity, team‐based approach. 相似文献
39.
Team-based internet interventions are increasing in popularity as a way of promoting weight loss in large numbers of individuals. Given that social networks influence health behavior change, this study investigated the effects of teammates and social influence on individual weight loss during a team-based weight loss competition. Shape Up Rhode Island (SURI) 2009 was a 12-week online program open to adult residents of Rhode Island. Participants joined with a team and competed with other teams on weight loss and/or physical activity. Overweight/obese (OW/OB) individuals (N = 3,330; 76% female; age = 46.1 ± 10.8; BMI = 31.2 ± 5.3 kg/m(2)), representing 987 teams, completed the weight loss program. Multilevel modeling was used to examine whether weight loss clustered among teammates and whether percentage of teammates in the weight loss division and reported teammate influence on weight loss were associated with individual weight outcomes. OW/OB completers reported losing 4.2 ± 3.4% of initial body weight. Weight loss was similar among teammates (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.10, P < 0.001). Moreover, having a greater percentage of teammates in the weight loss division and reporting higher social influence for weight loss were associated with greater percent weight loss (P's ≤ 0.002). Similarly, achieving a clinically significant (5%) weight loss tended to cluster within teams (ICC = 0.09; P < 0.001) and having more teammates in the weight loss division and higher social influence for weight loss were associated with increased likelihood of achieving a 5% weight loss (odds ratio (OR) = 1.06; OR = 1.20, respectively). These results suggest that teammates affect weight loss outcomes during a team-based intervention. Harnessing and maximizing teammate influence for weight loss may enhance weight outcomes in large-scale team-based programs. 相似文献
40.
Yvonne P de Visser Frans J Walther El Houari Laghmani Hester Boersma Arnoud van der Laarse Gerry TM Wagenaar 《Respiratory research》2009,10(1):1-16