阿托伐他汀改善冠心病患者血管内皮功能的临床研究

目的:观察短期阿托伐他汀治疗对高胆固醇血症的冠心病患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法:78例高胆固醇血症患者每日口服阿托伐他汀共8周,服药前后测量患者血清的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)以及NO值,并用彩色多普勒超声测定反应性充血时肱动脉内径的变化。结果:高胆固醇血症患者经阿托伐他汀8周治疗后,血清的TC、TG、LDL-C和ox-LDL明显下降,血清的HDL-C以及NO值明显增加,反应性充血时肱动脉内径扩张程度明显增加,这些与治疗前相比有明显差异。结论:阿托伐他汀治疗能使高胆固醇血症的冠心病患者血脂改变,NO值增加,血管内皮功能改善。     

热射病合并多器官功能障碍综合征持续静- 静脉血液滤过治疗的护理

目的:探讨热射病合并多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)持续静-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)的治疗作用并总结护理要点。方法:回顾分析2008年5月至2010年9月,我院收治的6例热射病合并MODS,及时运用CVVH并采取综合治疗措施,对治疗和护理进行总结。结果:6例患者5例痊愈,1例死亡。通过早期积极采用CVVH联合综合治疗措施,可快速降低患者体温,防止因高热引起的恶性循环。结论:CVVH是热射病合MODS有效治疗方法,其可早期纠正电解质及酸碱紊乱,且对代谢产物和炎症因子的清除也有重要作用。期间严密的观察与护理,以及配合治疗的连续性,是成功救治这类患者的关键。     

不明原因消化道出血的外科治疗

目的:探讨不明原因消化道出血的原因及在手术过程中的诊疗策略及技术,以提高不明原因消化道出血的诊治水平。方法:对我院自2002年3月至2010年10月被诊断为不明原因消化道出血23例患者进行回顾性分析,其均经外科手术治疗。结果:本组23例患者,治愈22例,1例死于多脏器功能衰竭,1例术后出现肠瘘,2例患者出现术后切口感染。均未再次出现出血。平均住院时间14.3天。结论:手术治疗是不明原因消化道出血治疗的最后的诊治手段,掌握相应手术策略及技术,可使更多的患者受益。     

干细胞植入缺血大脑后功能研究进展

目前,干细胞移植在多个中枢神经系统疾病的研究和临床应用中取得突破性进展。其中,干细胞移植治疗脑缺血疾病是细胞移植治疗研究中最活跃的领域。但是,移植细胞是否具有神经元的功能及细胞移植治疗的机制目前存在很多争议。本文就干细胞移植治疗缺血性脑疾病后移植细胞的功能和治疗缺血性脑疾病机制的可能途径的研究情况作一综述。     

Precocious puberty: growth and genetics

The precise neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis maturation are elusive. The wide age range of pubertal onset among normal individuals throughout the world may suggest that both genetic and environmental factors modulate the timing of puberty. Early activation of the HPG axis, termed central precocious puberty (CPP), causes psychosocial difficulties and may lead to compromised final height, especially if medical intervention is delayed. Although CPP is considered to be idiopathic in the majority of patients, we have recently reported a 27.5% prevalence of familial cases among 147 patients with idiopathic CPP. Segregation analysis of this cohort suggested an autosomal dominant transmission with incomplete sex-dependent penetrance. Allelic variants of candidate genes that regulate the timing of puberty may cause familial CPP. Detection of these genes will provide a tool for identification of children at risk of developing CPP, enabling early intervention with the aim of preventing its distressing outcomes.     

Reduction in interaction between cGMP and cAMP in dog ventricular myocytes with hypertrophic failure

Baseline function and signal transduction are depressed in hearts with hypertrophic failure. We tested the hypothesis that the effects of cGMP and its interaction with cAMP would be reduced in cardiac myocytes from hypertrophic failing hearts. Ventricular myocytes were isolated from control dogs, dogs with aortic valve stenosis hypertrophy, and dogs with pacing hypertrophic failure. Myocyte function was measured using a video edge detector. Cell contraction data were obtained at baseline, with 8-bromo-cGMP (10(-7), 10(-6), and 10(-5) M), with erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine [EHNA; a cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE(2)) inhibitor] plus 8-bromo-cGMP, or milrinone (a PDE(3) inhibitor) plus 8-bromo-cGMP. Baseline percent shortening and maximal rates of shortening (R(max)) and relaxation were slightly reduced in hypertrophic myocytes and were significantly lower in failing myocytes (R(max): control dogs, 95.3 +/- 17.3; hypertrophy dogs, 88.2 +/- 5.5; failure dogs, 53.2 +/- 6.4 mum/s). 8-Bromo-cGMP dose dependently reduced myocyte function in all groups. However, EHNA (10(-6) M) and milrinone (10(-6) M) significantly reduced the negative effects of cGMP on cell contractility in control and hypertrophy but not in failing myocytes (R(max) for control dogs: cGMP, -46%; +EHNA, -21%; +milrinone, -19%; for hypertrophy dogs: cGMP, -40%; +EHNA, -13%; +milrinone, -20%; for failure dogs: cGMP, -40%; +EHNA, -29%; +milrinone, -32%). Both combinations of EHNA-cGMP and milrinone-cGMP significantly increased intracellular cAMP in control, hypertrophic, and failing myocytes. These data indicated that the cGMP signaling pathway was preserved in hypertrophic failing cardiac myocytes. However, the interaction of cGMP with the cAMP signaling pathway was impaired in these failing myocytes.     

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis blocks the inhibitory response to capsaicin in intestinal circular muscle preparations from different species

Moderate concentrations of the sensory stimulant drug capsaicin caused relaxation in human and animal intestinal circular muscle preparations (guinea-pig proximal, mouse distal colon, human small intestine and appendix) in vitro. With the exception of the guinea-pig colon, the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG; 10(-4) M) strongly inhibited the relaxant effect of capsaicin. Tetrodotoxin, an inhibitor of voltage-sensitive Na+ channels failed to significantly reduce the inhibitory effect of capsaicin in the guinea-pig colon, human ileum and appendix; it caused an approximately 50% reduction in the mouse colon. The relaxant effect of capsaicin was strongly reduced in colonic preparations from transient receptor potential vanilloid type (TRPV1) receptor knockout mice as compared to their wildtype controls. It is concluded that nitric oxide, possibly of sensory origin, is involved in the relaxant action of capsaicin in the circular muscle of the mouse and human intestine.     

''嘎拉''苹果对不同浓度1-MCP处理的反应

以'嘎拉'('Kid's Orange'×'Delicious')苹果为试材,研究了0℃贮藏期间及贮藏30、60、90和120 d后转入室温7d货架期间1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)对果实呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、品质和蛋白质变化的影响.结果表明,1-MCP处理显著抑制嘎拉苹果贮藏期间和贮后货架期间呼吸和乙烯释放速率,延缓果实硬度、可滴定酸含量的下降,对可溶性固形物含量无影响.对照果实在贮藏过程中,出现5条明显的特异性蛋白条带,1-MCP处理能抑制特异蛋白表达.300 nL·L-1浓度1-MCP处理与600 nL·L-11-MCP处理作用效果无显著差异.     

Enantioselective synthesis of 2- and 3-substituted 2,3-dihydro[1,4]dioxino[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives and enantiomeric purity control by capillary electrophoresis

A rapid and simple procedure for enantioselective preparation of 2- and 3-substituted 2,3-dihydro[1,4]dioxino[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives (A and B, respectively) is described. The enantiomeric purity of each isomer was determined by capillary electrophoresis using a dual-cyclodextrin system (S-beta-CD/beta-CD) dissolved in formic acid-ammonia buffer (pH 4, ionic strength 50 mM).