HE4、NF-κBp65和MMP-9在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨HE4、NF-κBp65以及MMP-9的表达与上皮性卵巢肿瘤临床病理生物学行为的关系以及对患者预后的影响。方法应用免疫组化对80例卵巢上皮性癌、10例交界性上皮性肿瘤及10例良性上皮性肿瘤组织进行HE4、NF-κB p65及MMP-9蛋白的检测。结果 HE4、NF-κBp65及MMP-9蛋白的阳性表达率在卵巢癌组均高于交界性及良性肿瘤组（P〈0.05）。三个指标的表达与EOC的组织学分级、腹腔脏器及淋巴结转移以及PTNM临床分期有关（P〈0.05）;在EOC中,NF-κBp65分别与HE4、MMP-9的表达呈正相关（r1=0.673,P〈0.05;r2=0.775,P〈0.05）。多因素分析,PTNM分期、MMP-9的表达是影响卵巢癌术后患者预后的独立因素（P〈0.05）;HE4阳性组与阴性组5年生存率分别为12.7%和84.0%,MMP-9阳性组与阴性组5年生存率分别为8.7%和70.6%,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 NF-κBp65可能通过上调HE4、MMP-9的表达促进EOC的浸润和转移,联合检测HE4、NF-κBp65以及MMP-9的表达可能作为预测和评价患者预后的生物学指标。     

双向BN/SDS-PAGE分离鉴定痢疾杆菌福氏5型M90T株毒力相关膜蛋白复合物

通过蓝色非变性凝胶电泳(BN-PAGE)比较痢疾杆菌福氏5型野生株M90T和大质粒缺失株M90T△T的膜蛋白复合物,发现一个野生株特有的复合物,其分子量的为290 kD,命名为M90T-290.通过第二向SDS-PAGE分离M90T-290得到6个蛋白亚基,质谱鉴定为:一个由大质粒编码的毒力蛋白Apyrase(ATP-二磷酸水解酶)和5个染色体编码的蛋白,这些蛋白可能以膜复合物的形式影响毒力蛋白IcsA的单极性分布和痢疾杆菌在细胞间的扩散.这个新发现的毒力相关膜复合物在痢疾杆菌的致病过程中可能发挥重要作用.     

基于简并引物同步克隆两个红麻PDIL同源基因cDNA5'-末端序列

探索利用同一套简并引物结合通用引物同步扩增两个红麻PDIL同源基因的cDNA5’-末端序列,以期为同一转录组中两个旁系同源基因cDNA5' RACE的同步扩增提供借鉴.通过红麻HcPDIL5-2a和HcPDIL5-2b cDNA中间片段及3’-末端已知序列的比时,在其完全保守区段设计了一条引物用于两个基因5' RACE的共反转录;在其部分保守区段设计了两条简并引物,并利用其在两个基因的5'RACE扩增时退火温度的差异,结合通用引物巢式PCR同步扩增两个基因的cDNA 5 ’-末端未知序列.在两个基因全长cDNA拼接序列的基础上设计两对特异引物分别扩增它们的cDNA全长序列,测序结果进一步验证了序列拼接和cDNA 5' RACE同步扩增的可靠性.进化分析证实两个基因属于PDIL基因家族成员.     

非小细胞肺癌中血管生成拟态和VEGF的表达及意义

目的探讨血管生成拟态(vasculogenic mimicry,VM)与血管内皮生长因子(vascular epithelial growth factor,VEGF)在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)中的表达及意义。方法收集NSCLC术后标本160例和20例正常肺组织,应用免疫组化法和组织化学法检测NSCLC和正常肺组织中VM和VEGF的表达情况。结果在NSCLC组织和正常肺组织中,VM和VEGF的阳性率分别为36.9%、51.3%和0%、0%,差异有统计学意义;含有VM的NSCLC的VEGF表达高于无VM者(P<0.05),且VM与NSCLC的组织学分级、淋巴结转移及临床分期等有关(P<0.05);多因素分析:PTNM分期、VM、VEGF的表达是影响NSCLC根治术后患者预后的独立因素(P<0.05);VM阳性组与阴性组的5年生存率分别为1.7%和41.6%,差异有统计学意义;VEGF阳性组与阴性组的5年生存率分别为2.4%和52.6%,差异有统计学意义。结论具有VM的NSCLC组织分化低,患者临床预后差;VEGF的表达水平和VM与NSCLC的发展及预后有一定的关系。     

根癌农杆菌介导里氏木霉转化体系的建立和条件优化

目的:采用根癌农杆菌介导的转化方法实现丝状真菌里氏木霉的遗传转化,并优化转化条件.方法:构建含潮霉素抗性基因(hph)的双元载体pCAM-hph后,转化根癌农杆菌LBA4404获得转化菌株.将根癌农杆菌的转化菌株和里氏木霉的分生孢子共培养后在含100μg/mL潮霉素的抗性平板上筛选里氏木霉转化子,并采用PCR扩增和序列测定对转化子中的插入片段进行了分析.结果:使用根癌农杆菌介导的转化方法转化里氏木霉,每106个分生孢子可获得25.8个转化子.最佳的转化条件为:农杆菌初始浓度为OD660约为0.8,孢子数为106个,共培养时间为48h,pH为5.0～5.5,培养温度为28℃.结论:建立了根癌农杆菌介导的里氏木霉转化方法,并获得了最佳的转化条件.     

水稻YTB中OSVDAC5蛋白的原核表达与抗体制备

目的:克隆水稻YTB osvdac5基因,原核表达后获得纯化的OSVDAC5蛋白,制备相应的抗体.方法:采用Trizol法提取水稻总mRNA,反转录为cDNA,通过PCR扩增得到该基因与原核表达载体连接,构建重组质粒pET-30a-osvdac5,并转入大肠杆菌进行原核表达,SDS-PAGE检测表达产物.通过镍柱纯化获得的单一目的蛋白用于抗体制备,用Western Blot检测抗体的特异性.结果:克隆到原核表达载体中osvdac5基因的ORF为813 bp,编码271个氨基酸.在大肠杆菌中15℃、0.7mmol/L的IPTG浓度诱导17 h是pET-30a-osvdac5融合蛋白表达的优选条件,表达的OSVDAC5蛋白属于包涵体蛋白.镍柱纯化后的OSVDAC5为30 kD左右的单一条带.Western Blot分析表明,抗体能够与30 kD处的OSVDAC5蛋白进行特异性结合.结论:成功克隆了水稻YTB osvdac5基因,原核表达蛋白OSVDAC5制备的多免隆抗体具有一定特异性,能与免疫抗原结合,这为进一步研究OSVDAC5蛋白在植物不同生长发育时期中的表达模式奠定了基础.     

GWAPower: a statistical power calculation software for genome-wide association studies with quantitative traits

Background

In designing genome-wide association (GWA) studies it is important to calculate statistical power. General statistical power calculation procedures for quantitative measures often require information concerning summary statistics of distributions such as mean and variance. However, with genetic studies, the effect size of quantitative traits is traditionally expressed as heritability, a quantity defined as the amount of phenotypic variation in the population that can be ascribed to the genetic variants among individuals. Heritability is hard to transform into summary statistics. Therefore, general power calculation procedures cannot be used directly in GWA studies. The development of appropriate statistical methods and a user-friendly software package to address this problem would be welcomed.

Results

This paper presents GWAPower, a statistical software package of power calculation designed for GWA studies with quantitative traits, where genetic effect is defined as heritability. Based on several popular one-degree-of-freedom genetic models, this method avoids the need to specify the non-centrality parameter of the F-distribution under the alternative hypothesis. Therefore, it can use heritability information directly without approximation. In GWAPower, the power calculation can be easily adjusted for adding covariates and linkage disequilibrium information. An example is provided to illustrate GWAPower, followed by discussions.

Conclusions

GWAPower is a user-friendly free software package for calculating statistical power based on heritability in GWA studies with quantitative traits. The software is freely available at: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/10502931/GWAPower.zip     

Comparison of rNIS and hNIS as reporter genes for noninvasive imaging of bone mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into infarcted rat myocardium

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the feasibility of rat sodium iodide symporter (rNIS) and human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) as reporter genes for noninvasive monitoring of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) transplanted into infarcted rat myocardium. rBMSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow. Adenovirus (Ad) was reconstructed to contain rNIS-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) or hNIS-eGFP. The transfection efficiency of Ad/eGFP/rNIS and Ad/eGFP/hNIS to rBMSCs was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. The transfected rBMSCs were transplanted into infarcted rat myocardium followed by a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study with (99m)Tc-pertechnetate as the radiotracer and by autoradiography. The isolated rBMSCs were CD29, CD44, and CD90 positive and CD34, CD45, and CD11b negative. The expression of rNIS and hNIS in the transfected rBMSCs at both gene and protein levels was obviously higher than that without transfection. The myocardium of rats transplanted with transfected rBMSCs could be visualized by SPECT owing to the accumulation of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate in rBMSCs mediated by exogenous NIS genes. The accumulation of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate in myocardium mediated by rNIS was higher than that by hNIS, which was also confirmed by autoradiography. Both rNIS and hNIS are useful reporter genes to monitor BMSCs transplanted into infarcted myocardium in vivo with rNIS being superior to hNIS as the reporter gene.     

Transition of cellulose crystalline structure and surface morphology of biomass as a function of ionic liquid pretreatment and its relation to enzymatic hydrolysis

Cellulose is inherently resistant to breakdown, and the native crystalline structure (cellulose I) of cellulose is considered to be one of the major factors limiting its potential in terms of cost-competitive lignocellulosic biofuel production. Here we report the impact of ionic liquid pretreatment on the cellulose crystalline structure in different feedstocks, including microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), pine ( Pinus radiata ), and eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus globulus ), and its influence on cellulose hydrolysis kinetics of the resultant biomass. These feedstocks were pretreated using 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]) at 120 and 160 °C for 1, 3, 6, and 12 h. The influence of the pretreatment conditions on the cellulose crystalline structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). On a larger length scale, the impact of ionic liquid pretreatment on the surface roughness of the biomass was determined by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Pretreatment resulted in a loss of native cellulose crystalline structure. However, the transformation processes were distinctly different for Avicel and for the biomass samples. For Avicel, a transformation to cellulose II occurred for all processing conditions. For the biomass samples, the data suggest that pretreatment for most conditions resulted in an expanded cellulose I lattice. For switchgrass, first evidence of cellulose II only occurred after 12 h of pretreatment at 120 °C. For eucalyptus, first evidence of cellulose II required more intense pretreatment (3 h at 160 °C). For pine, no clear evidence of cellulose II content was detected for the most intense pretreatment conditions of this study (12 h at 160 °C). Interestingly, the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel was slightly lower for pretreatment at 160 °C compared with pretreatment at 120 °C. For the biomass samples, the hydrolysis rate was much greater for pretreatment at 160 °C compared with pretreatment at 120 °C. The result for Avicel can be explained by more complete conversion to cellulose II upon precipitation after pretreatment at 160 °C. By comparison, the result for the biomass samples suggests that another factor, likely lignin-carbohydrate complexes, also impacts the rate of cellulose hydrolysis in addition to cellulose crystallinity.