光诱导角膜交联及检测技术的研究进展

由于圆锥角膜疾病导致越来越多的人患有近视,常见的矫正方法有佩戴近视眼镜、隐形眼镜等.随着科技的进步,利用光对近视等眼科疾病进行屈光矫正已经成为当前临床中常用的方法.使用光诱导角膜胶原蛋白发生交联,从而达到治疗圆锥角膜疾病、提高患者视力水平的目的,这是一种新型的光治疗眼睛疾病的方法.同时这种方法由于无侵入性、对操作者能力依赖性小等优势成为新的研究热点.本文阐述光诱导角膜交联的基本原理,并介绍其发展历程,分析现有的各种交联方法和角膜检测技术的原理,并对现有交联方法和检测方法的优缺点进行讨论.最后,本文对光诱导角膜交联和检测技术的最新进展进行系统的论述,并对未来的发展趋势进行展望.     

Rapid improvement of rice eating and cooking quality through gene editing toward glutelin as target

Rice eating and cooking quality (ECQ) is a major concern of breeders and consumers, determining market competitiveness worldwide. Rice grain protein content (GPC) is negatively related to ECQ, making it possible to improve ECQ by manipulating GPC. However, GPC is genetically complex and sensitive to environmental conditions; therefore, little progress has been made in traditional breeding for ECQ. Here, we report that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of genes encoding the grain storage protein glutelin rapidly produced lines with downregulated GPC and improved ECQ. Our finding provides a new strategy for improving rice ECQ.     

Mediator structure and conformation change

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Genome‐wide scans to detect positive selection in Large White and Tongcheng pigs

Due to the direction, intensity, duration and consistency of genetic selection, especially recent artificial selection, the production performance of domestic pigs has been greatly changed. Therefore, we reasoned that there must be footprints or selection signatures that had been left during domestication. In this study, with porcine 60K BeadChip genotyping data from both commercial Large White and local Chinese Tongcheng pigs, we calculated the extended haplotype homozygosity values of the two breeds using the long‐range haplotype method to detect selection signatures. We found 34 candidate regions, including 61 known genes, from Large White pigs and 25 regions comprising 57 known genes from Tongcheng pigs. Many selection signatures were found on SSC1, SSC4, SSC7 and SSC14 regions in both populations. According to quantitative trait loci and network pathway analyses, most of the regions and genes were linked to growth, reproduction and immune responses. In addition, the average genetic differentiation coefficient F_ST was 0.254, which means that there had already been a significant differentiation between the breeds. The findings from this study can contribute to further research on molecular mechanisms of pig evolution and domestication and also provide valuable references for improvement of their breeding and cultivation.