On the mechanism of action of 15-methyl-PGF2α as an abortifacient

Several hours following administration of long acting vaginal suppositories containing 3.0 mg of 15-methyl-PGF_2α for interruption of second trimester pregnancies there is an up to 10-fold increase in endogenous production of PGE₂ and PGF_2α before abortion as reflected by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of the major plasma metabolites of PGE₂ and PGF_2α. The data suggest that this increased formation of endogenous prostaglandins contributes to the induced uterine activity during the latter part of the abortion process.     

Metabolism of in the monkey

This isomer of PGF_2α is relatively resistant to metabolic degradation in the Cynomolgus monkey. Thus, 16–20 per cent of the amount injected was excreted unchanged in the urine. Five metabolites with 20, 18, 16 and 14 carbon atoms in the skeleton were identified. The data are similar to those earlier seen in the rat and further support the idea that this analogue of PGF_2α could have a long half-life time in the mammalian body and thus a long duration of its pharmacological actions.     

Differences in estimates of cisplatin-induced cell kill in vitro between colorimetric and cell count/colony assays

Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate some bioassays that are different in principle: cell counting, colony forming assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), sulforhodamine B (SRB), crystal violet, and alamarBlue, with respect to their ability to measure cisplatin-induced cell death of in vitro-cultivated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Cisplatin was applied in concentrations of 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, and 100 μM. The cells were incubated for 1 h, and the cell survival was measured 5 d after treatment. We found the colorimetric assays and cell counting to be comparable. The colony forming assay indicated a higher degree of cell kill compared with the other techniques. Measurement of cell survival after treatment with cisplatin can be done by use of any of the above tested assays. However, the majority of SCCHN cell lines available do not form colonies easily, or at all. Therefore, comparing the chemosensitivity between such cell lines is limited to alternative assays. In this respect, any of the tested colorimetric assays can be used. However, they seem to underestimate cell kill. Cell counting is also an alternative. This technique, however, is time consuming and operator dependent, as in the case of manual counting, or relatively expensive when counting is performed electronically, compared with the colorimetric assays.     

A new series of pyridinyl-alkynes as antagonists of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5)

Synthesis and some structure-activity relationships for a new series of propargyl ethers as mGluR5 antagonists are reported.     

Impact of Prior Traumatic Life Events on Parental Early Stage Reactions following a Child's Cancer

Background

In pediatric oncology, effective clinic–based management of acute and long–term distress in families calls for investigation of determinants of parents'' psychological response to the child''s cancer. We examined the relationship between parents'' prior exposure to traumatic life events (TLE) and the occurrence of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) following their child''s cancer diagnosis. Factors mediating the TLE–PTSS relationship were analyzed.

Methodology

The study comprised 169 parents (97 mothers, 72 fathers) of 103 cancer diagnosed children (median age: 5,9 years; range 0.1–19.7 years). Thirty five parents were of immigrant origin (20.7%). Prior TLE were collated using a standardized questionnaire, PTSS was assessed using the Impact of Events–Revised (IES–R) questionnaire covering intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms. The predictive significance of prior TLE on PTSS was tested in adjusted regression models.

Results

Mothers demonstrated more severe PTSS across all symptom dimensions. TLE were associated with significantly increased hyperarousal symptoms. Parents'' gender, age and immigrant status did not significantly influence the TLE–PTSS relationship.

Conclusions

Prior traumatic life–events aggravate posttraumatic hyperarousal symptoms. In clinic–based psychological care of parents of high–risk pediatric patients, attention needs to be paid to life history, and to heightened vulnerability to PTSS associated with female gender.     

吉林桦甸盆地中始新世端生齿鬣蜥类(有鳞目)化石及对响蜥属的评述(英文)

中国吉林省中始新世桦甸组的两种端生齿鬣蜥类化石突显出端生齿类(Acrodonta)在第三纪早期的分化。第一种化石的特征为具有多个(6个)前侧生齿位及单尖且侧扁的颊齿。其牙齿与牙齿缺失附尖的主要端生齿类(如鬣蜥亚科Agaminae的海蜥属Hydrosaurus)无特别相似之处,其亲缘关系也并不清楚。第二种的牙齿与很多现生有三尖齿的鬣蜥类(即蜡皮蜥属Leiolepis和飞蜥亚科Draconinae)以及化石响蜥属的许多种相似;一个骨骼特征显示其可能与包括鬣蜥亚科、海蜥属、飞蜥亚科和须鬣蜥亚科(Amphibolurinae)的支系有关,但尚需更多更完整的标本以做结论。与现生鬣蜥类的比较研究表明,与响蜥属牙齿相似的三尖型齿很可能是蜡皮蜥属及飞蜥亚科中大约200个现生种的典型特征。相对于这些支系,响蜥属的鉴定特征并不充分。由于端生齿类的分化被认为始于新生代早期,因而东亚的化石材料很可能有助于阐明这一支系的演化历史,尤其是结合分子遗传学的研究方法。然而仅基于破碎颌骨材料的新分类单元名称的成倍增加并不能使我们更接近这一目标,尽力采集标本并研究可对比的现生骨骼材料应是第一位的。