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Yang W Lu Y Kalajzic I Guo D Harris MA Gluhak-Heinrich J Kotha S Bonewald LF Feng JQ Rowe DW Turner CH Robling AG Harris SE 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2005,280(21):20680-20690
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Tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives are prepared via a [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction as a key step using Wilkinson's and CpCo(CO)2 catalysts. 相似文献
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We report on a simple synthetic route to a novel anthracene-based bis-armed amino acid derivative as a useful fluorescent probe. Various photophysical studies of this amino acid derivative are also described. Here, Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction has been used as a key step for carbon-carbon bond formation. 相似文献
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Various optically pure benzocyclobutene and biphenylene-based alpha-amino acid derivatives are prepared in a very high diastereoselective manner via a six step sequence using Sch?llkopfchiral auxiliary. 相似文献
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Emily Xie Abhiroop Kotha Tracy Biaco Nikita Sedani Jonathan Zou Phillip Stashenko Margaret J. Duncan Antonio Campos-Neto Mark J. Cayabyab 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
The pioneer human oral commensal bacterium Streptococcus mitis has unique biologic features that make it an attractive mucosal vaccine or therapeutic delivery vector. S. mitis is safe as a natural persistent colonizer of the mouth, throat and nasopharynx and the oral commensal bacterium is capable of inducing mucosal antibody responses. A recombinant S. mitis (rS. mitis) that stably expresses HIV envelope protein was generated and tested in the germ-free mouse model to evaluate the potential usefulness of this vector as a mucosal vaccine against HIV. Oral vaccination led to the efficient and persistent bacterial colonization of the mouth and the induction of both salivary and systemic antibody responses. Interestingly, persistently colonized animals developed antigen-specific systemic T cell tolerance. Based on these findings we propose the use of rS. mitis vaccine vector for the induction of mucosal antibodies that will prevent the penetration of the mucosa by pathogens such as HIV. Moreover, the first demonstration of rS. mitis having the ability to elicit T cell tolerance suggest the potential use of rS. mitis as an immunotherapeutic vector to treat inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune diseases. 相似文献
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E11/gp38 selective expression in osteocytes: regulation by mechanical strain and role in dendrite elongation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Zhang K Barragan-Adjemian C Ye L Kotha S Dallas M Lu Y Zhao S Harris M Harris SE Feng JQ Bonewald LF 《Molecular and cellular biology》2006,26(12):4539-4552
Within mineralized bone, osteocytes form dendritic processes that travel through canaliculi to make contact with other osteocytes and cells on the bone surface. This three-dimensional syncytium is thought to be necessary to maintain viability, cell-to-cell communication, and mechanosensation. E11/gp38 is the earliest osteocyte-selective protein to be expressed as the osteoblast differentiates into an osteoid cell or osteocyte, first appearing on the forming dendritic processes of these cells. Bone extracts contain large amounts of E11, but immunostaining only shows its presence in early osteocytes compared to more deeply embedded cells, suggesting epitope masking by mineral. Freshly isolated primary osteoblasts are negative for E11 expression but begin to express this protein in culture, and expression increases with time, suggesting differentiation into the osteocyte phenotype. Osteoblast-like cell lines 2T3 and Oct-1 also show increased expression of E11 with differentiation and mineralization. E11 is highly expressed in MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells compared to osteoblast cell lines and primary osteoblasts. Differentiated, mineralized 2T3 cells and MLO-Y4 cells subjected to fluid flow shear stress show an increase in mRNA for E11. MLO-Y4 cells show an increase in dendricity and elongation of dendrites in response to shear stress that is blocked by small interfering RNA specific to E11. In vivo, E11 expression is also increased by a mechanical load, not only in osteocytes near the bone surface but also in osteocytes more deeply embedded in bone. Maximal expression is observed not in regions of maximal strain but in a region of potential bone remodeling, suggesting that dendrite elongation may be occurring during this process. These data suggest that osteocytes may be able to extend their cellular processes after embedment in mineralized matrix and have implications for osteocytic modification of their microenvironment. 相似文献
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