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R A Rush S H Kindler S Udenfriend 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1974,61(1):38-44
The ratio of enzymatic activity to homologous enzyme protein (measured immunologically) can be used as a sensitive index of enzyme homogeneity. The name homospecific activity is proposed for this parameter (units of enzyme activity per mg of antigen). Measurements of homospecific activity allowed detection of inactive forms of dopamine-β-hydroxylase which accumulated during some purification procedures and which were not separable from active enzyme by standard analytical procedures. Homospecific activity is proposed as a routine index of homogeneity during enzyme purification. 相似文献
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Anna Lundin Ronald Dijkman Tomas Bergstr?m Nina Kann Beata Adamiak Charles Hannoun Eveline Kindler Hulda R. Jónsdóttir Doreen Muth Joeri Kint Maria Forlenza Marcel A. Müller Christian Drosten Volker Thiel Edward Trybala 《PLoS pathogens》2014,10(5)
Coronaviruses raise serious concerns as emerging zoonotic viruses without specific antiviral drugs available. Here we screened a collection of 16671 diverse compounds for anti-human coronavirus 229E activity and identified an inhibitor, designated K22, that specifically targets membrane-bound coronaviral RNA synthesis. K22 exerts most potent antiviral activity after virus entry during an early step of the viral life cycle. Specifically, the formation of double membrane vesicles (DMVs), a hallmark of coronavirus replication, was greatly impaired upon K22 treatment accompanied by near-complete inhibition of viral RNA synthesis. K22-resistant viruses contained substitutions in non-structural protein 6 (nsp6), a membrane-spanning integral component of the viral replication complex implicated in DMV formation, corroborating that K22 targets membrane bound viral RNA synthesis. Besides K22 resistance, the nsp6 mutants induced a reduced number of DMVs, displayed decreased specific infectivity, while RNA synthesis was not affected. Importantly, K22 inhibits a broad range of coronaviruses, including Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS–CoV), and efficient inhibition was achieved in primary human epithelia cultures representing the entry port of human coronavirus infection. Collectively, this study proposes an evolutionary conserved step in the life cycle of positive-stranded RNA viruses, the recruitment of cellular membranes for viral replication, as vulnerable and, most importantly, druggable target for antiviral intervention. We expect this mode of action to serve as a paradigm for the development of potent antiviral drugs to combat many animal and human virus infections. 相似文献
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The presynaptic cytoskeletal matrix (cytomatrix) assembled at active zones has been implicated in defining neurotransmitter release sites. Munc13, Rim, Bassoon and Piccolo/Aczonin are recently identified presynaptic cytomatrix proteins. These multidomain proteins are thought to organize the exocytotic and endocytotic machinery precisely at active zones. 相似文献
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Corinna Sawallisch Kerstin Berh?rster Andrea Disanza Sara Mantoani Michael Kintscher Luminita Stoenica Alexander Dityatev Sabrina Sieber Stefan Kindler Fabio Morellini Michaela Schweizer Tobias M. Boeckers Martin Korte Giorgio Scita Hans-J��rgen Kreienkamp 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2009,284(14):9225-9236
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Lueders T Kindler R Miltner A Friedrich MW Kaestner M 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2006,72(8):5342-5348
The understanding of microbial interactions and trophic networks is a prerequisite for the elucidation of the turnover and transformation of organic materials in soils. To elucidate the incorporation of biomass carbon into a soil microbial food web, we added 13C-labeled Escherichia coli biomass to an agricultural soil and identified those indigenous microbes that were specifically active in its mineralization and carbon sequestration. rRNA stable isotope probing (SIP) revealed that uncultivated relatives of distinct groups of gliding bacterial micropredators (Lysobacter spp., Myxococcales, and the Bacteroidetes) lead carbon sequestration and mineralization from the added biomass. In addition, fungal populations within the Microascaceae were shown to respond to the added biomass after only 1 h of incubation and were thus surprisingly reactive to degradable labile carbon. This RNA-SIP study identifies indigenous microbes specifically active in the transformation of a nondefined complex carbon source, bacterial biomass, directly in a soil ecosystem. 相似文献
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Identification of Bacterial Micropredators Distinctively Active in a Soil Microbial Food Web 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Tillmann Lueders Reimo Kindler Anja Miltner Michael W. Friedrich Matthias Kaestner 《Applied microbiology》2006,72(8):5342-5348
The understanding of microbial interactions and trophic networks is a prerequisite for the elucidation of the turnover and transformation of organic materials in soils. To elucidate the incorporation of biomass carbon into a soil microbial food web, we added 13C-labeled Escherichia coli biomass to an agricultural soil and identified those indigenous microbes that were specifically active in its mineralization and carbon sequestration. rRNA stable isotope probing (SIP) revealed that uncultivated relatives of distinct groups of gliding bacterial micropredators (Lysobacter spp., Myxococcales, and the Bacteroidetes) lead carbon sequestration and mineralization from the added biomass. In addition, fungal populations within the Microascaceae were shown to respond to the added biomass after only 1 h of incubation and were thus surprisingly reactive to degradable labile carbon. This RNA-SIP study identifies indigenous microbes specifically active in the transformation of a nondefined complex carbon source, bacterial biomass, directly in a soil ecosystem. 相似文献
60.
Kremerskothen J Kindler S Finger I Veltel S Barnekow A 《Journal of neurochemistry》2006,96(6):1659-1666
Synaptic plasticity and memory formation involve remodeling of the postsynaptic cytoskeleton, a process that is in part based on both local translation of dendritic mRNAs and synaptic recruitment of newly synthesized proteins. The postsynaptic component Dendrin that is encoded by a dendritically localized mRNA is thought to modulate the structure of the synaptic cytoskeleton. However, molecular mechanisms that control extrasomatic Dendrin mRNA transport and postsynaptic protein recruitment are unknown. The data presented here reveal that Dendrin interacts with the cytoskeletal components alpha-actinin and Maguk with inverted orientation (MAGI) or synaptic scaffolding molecule (S-SCAM). The latter retains Dendrin in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells and prevents its nuclear import. Furthermore in neurons, postsynaptic clustering of Dendrin requires dendritic targeting of its messenger RNA (mRNA), a process that is mediated by a sequence motif within the 3' untranslated region. In summary our finding suggest that postsynaptic recruitment of Dendrin appears to critically depend on both local protein synthesis and association with the synaptic scaffolding protein MAGI/S-SCAM. Its nuclear localization capacity further points to a function in retrograde signaling from the synapse to the nucleus. 相似文献