全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2585篇 |
免费 | 162篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 37篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 21篇 |
2018年 | 32篇 |
2017年 | 27篇 |
2016年 | 43篇 |
2015年 | 71篇 |
2014年 | 76篇 |
2013年 | 140篇 |
2012年 | 124篇 |
2011年 | 127篇 |
2010年 | 98篇 |
2009年 | 76篇 |
2008年 | 103篇 |
2007年 | 113篇 |
2006年 | 97篇 |
2005年 | 106篇 |
2004年 | 121篇 |
2003年 | 107篇 |
2002年 | 117篇 |
2001年 | 92篇 |
2000年 | 93篇 |
1999年 | 78篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 51篇 |
1991年 | 48篇 |
1990年 | 47篇 |
1989年 | 41篇 |
1988年 | 48篇 |
1987年 | 34篇 |
1986年 | 39篇 |
1985年 | 41篇 |
1984年 | 32篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 24篇 |
1979年 | 24篇 |
1978年 | 25篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1974年 | 16篇 |
1973年 | 22篇 |
1972年 | 16篇 |
1971年 | 15篇 |
排序方式: 共有2747条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
101.
Antiallergic mechanisms of beta-adrenergic stimulants were investigated in rats. Isoproterenol administered intravenously inhibited IgE antibody-mediated homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and histamine-induced cutaneous reaction (HCR) elicited at the same time in the same rats significantly. The inhibition of PCA was more potent than that of HCR, suggesting that PCA is inhibited by at least 2 mechanisms. One is the inhibition of vascular permeability increase. In vivo histamine release in the rat peritoneal cavity caused by intravenous antigen was inhibited by the intravenous administration of isoproterenol or salbutamol dose-dependently. On the contrary, when the histamine release in the peritoneal cavity was caused by intraperitoneal antigen, isoproterenol or salbutamol administered simultaneously with antigen failed to inhibit the reaction. Furthermore, antigen-induced histamine release from sensitized peritoneal exudate cells in vitro was not inhibited by isoproterenol or salbutamol. These results indicate that the primary target of beta-adrenergic stimulants is the vascular endothelium, and that the direct inhibition of chemical mediator release from mast cells does not play an important role for the inhibition of PCA and in vivo histamine release in the peritoneal cavity in rats. Beta-adrenergic stimulants therefore may prevent intravenously administered antigen from activating sensitized mast cells through affecting endothelial cells. 相似文献
102.
Eijiro Watanabe Masaaki Wachi Makari Yamasaki Kazuo Nagai 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1992,234(3):346-352
Summary The SopA, B, C genes of the F plasmid play an essential role in plasmid partitioning during cell division in Escherichia coli. In this paper, the products of the sopA and sopB genes were isolated and their biochemical activities studied. [-32P]ATP was cross-linked to the SopA protein by UV irradiation; this cross-linking was observed only in the presence of magnesium ion, and was competitively inhibited in the presence of non-radioactive ATP, ADP and dATP, but not other NTPs or dNTPs. In contrast, no ATP binding activity was detected for the SopB protein. The SopA protein showed a modest magnesium ion-dependent ATPase activity and this activity was stimulated in the presence of DNA. The ATPase activity in the presence of DNA was further stimulated by addition of the SopB protein. However, the SopB protein alone failed to stimulate the ATPase activity. 相似文献
103.
Arakawa Keita; Mizuno Katsuhiko; Kishitani Sachie; Takabe Tetsuko 《Plant & cell physiology》1992,33(7):833-840
The changes in the level of the protein for betaine aldehydedehydrogenase, which catalyzes the last step in the synthesisof glycinebetaine, were analyzed with antiserum raised againstSDS-denatured betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from spinach. Inbarley leaves, the levels of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenaseprotein were found to be enhanced by the addition of 200 mMNaCl to the growth medium. These changes in the level of theenzyme protein corresponded to those in the activity of theenzyme, as described in our previous study (Arakawa et al. 1990).The extent of this enhancement was reduced when barley plantswere relieved from salt stress. An increase in the level ofthe protein was also induced by water stress, such as the withholdingof water or the addition of polyethylene glycol 6000. Betainealdehyde dehydrogenase protein was detected in etiolated leavesand roots, as well as in green leaves. In etiolated leaves,the level of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase protein was notaffected by salt stress.
1 This work was supported by a grant from the Bio-Media Projectof the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(BMP92-III-l-1). 相似文献
104.
Histidinol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.23) activity was determined in several plant species and in cultured plant cell lines. The enzyme was purified from cabbage (Brassica oleracea) to apparent homogeneity. To render complete purification, a new, specific histidinol-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography was developed. The apparent molecular mass of the protein is 103 kDa. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the protein migrated as a single band with a molecular mass of 52 kDa, giving evidence for a dimeric quaternary structure. By isoelectric focusing, the enzyme was separated into six protein bands, five of which possessed the dehydrogenase activity when examined by an activity staining method. The Km values for L-histidinol and NAD+ were 15.5 and 42 microM, respectively. Enzyme activity was stimulated by addition of Mn2+, but was inhibited in the presence of Ba2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, or Cu2+. Histidinol dehydrogenase is the first histidine enzyme that has been purified to homogeneity and characterized from plants. This plant enzyme catalyzes the NAD-linked four-electron dehydrogenase reaction leading from histidinol to His. The results indicate a similar pathway of His in plants and show furthermore the last two reaction steps to be identical to those in microorganisms. 相似文献
105.
The B subunit of cholera toxin enhances DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes induced by insulin and epidermal growth factor. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
H Mitsui M Iwamori N Hashimoto H Yamada Y Ikeda G Toda K Kurokawa Y Nagai 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1991,174(1):372-378
The B subunit of cholera toxin, which binds to ganglioside GM1, enhanced DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes in primary culture induced by insulin and/or epidermal growth factor. The effect was dose-dependent, and whole cholera toxin, activating adenylate cyclase, showed a higher effect than the B subunit alone. The B subunit acted additively with other agents that also increase cyclic AMP levels. A competitive antagonist of cyclic AMP could not suppress the effect of the B subunit completely. These data suggest that the effect is independent of the cyclic AMP signal pathway, and that GM1 plays a role in hepatocyte proliferation. 相似文献
106.
M Saito H Nojiri H Ogino A Yuo H Ogura M Itoh K Tomita T Ogawa Y Nagai S Kitagawa 《FEBS letters》1990,271(1-2):85-88
When HL-60 cells were cultivated with synthetic sialyl glycolipids, sialo-cholesterol and sialo-diglyceride, the cells were found to be differentiated into mature granulocytes on morphological and functional criteria. The differentiation of cells was accompanied by inhibition of cell proliferation. The differentiation-inducing activity of sialo-cholesterol was greater than that of sialo-diglyceride on a molar basis, and the alpha-anomer of each compound was more potent than the beta-anomer, suggesting that the stereospecific structure of the compounds is important for the differentiation-inducing activity. 相似文献
107.
Human neutrophil elastase: degradation of basement membrane components and immunolocalization in the tissue 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Human neutrophil elastase was purified to homogeneity as two isozymes named E1 and E2. The isozymes degraded Type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan similarly to each other. The degradation of such basement membrane components by elastase may assist the extravasation of neutrophils in the process of inflammation. Among the substrates tested, only type V collagen, which is susceptible to neutrophil gelatinase, was resistant to elastase. This broad substrate specificity of the enzyme may also contribute to tissue destruction at the sites of inflammation. We produced a monoclonal antibody against the purified enzyme and applied it to immunohistochemical studies. In bronchopneumonia and polyarteritis nodosa, elastase was associated with the cleaved elastic fibers, indicating that the enzyme really destroys tissue in vivo. In the exudates of rheumatoid joint, elastase was stained as diffuse fine granules. Immunohistochemical studies with the monoclonal antibody will provide a complementary way to disclose the mechanism of diseases related to neutrophil infiltration. 相似文献
108.
109.
The effects of calmodulin antagonists on the secretion of lysosomal enzyme and lipid metabolism in guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages were studied. Calmodulin antagonists, such as trifluoperazine, dibucaine and quinacrine, inhibited the secretion of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase from cytochalasin B-treated macrophages when the macrophages were stimulated by the chemotactic peptide, formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f Met-Leu-Phe) or the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. The effect of calmodulin antagonists on the incorporation of [32P]Pi or [3H]glycerol into glycerolipids as well as on the redistribution of [14C]glycerol or [3H]arachidonic acid in [14C]glycerol- or [3H]arachidonic acid-prelabelled lipids were examined. Trifluoperazine, dibucaine or quinacrine stimulated [32P]Pi incorporation into phosphatidic acid (PtdA) and phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) without significant effect on the labelling of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PtdCho) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lyso-PtdEtn). The incorporation of [32P]Pi into phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) was, on the contrary, inhibited. When calmodulin antagonists were added to macrophages stimulated by fMet-Leu-Phe, [32P]Pi incorporation into PtdIns and PtdA was synergistically increased compared with that induced only by calmodulin antagonists. Trifluoperazine inhibited the incorporation of [3H]glycerol into PtdCho, triacylglycerol and PtdEtn. Also in this case, the incorporation of [3H]glycerol into PtdA and PtdIns was greatly enhanced. But [3H]glycerol incorporation into PtdSer, lyso-PtdEtn and lyso-PtdCho was not affected by the drug. On the other hand, diacylglycerol labelling with [3H]glycerol was maximally activated by 10μm-trifluoperazine and levelled off with the increasing concentration. When the effect of calmodulin antagonists on the redistribution of [14C]glycerol among lipids was examined in pulse-chase experiments, no significant effect on [14C]glycerol redistribution in PtdEtn, PtdCho, PtdIns, PtdSer, PtdA and tri- and di-acylglycerol could be detected. When macrophages prelabelled with [3H]arachidonic acid were treated with trifluoperazine, dibucaine or quinacrine, the [3H]arachidonic acid moiety in PtdEtn and PtdCho was decreased and that in PtdA was increased. The formation of [arachidonate-3H]diacylglycerol and non-esterified [3H]-arachidonic acid was also enhanced, but the increase in [3H]arachidonic acid was only observed at concentrations between 1 and 50μm. [Arachidonate-3H]PtdIns was not significantly affected. The activated formation of [arachidonate-3H]PtdA, diacylglycerol and non-esterified arachidonic acid by these drugs was synergistically enhanced in the presence of fMet-Leu-Phe. 相似文献
110.
Isotope exchange in a polypeptide is considered from the point of view in which the boundary point between helix and coil regions of a polypeptide behaves like a weakly asymmetric random walker. We assume that the boundary point is reflected completely at the ends of a polypeptide. The equilibrium fraction of helix region is obtained under this assumption, and this is also confirmed by computer simulation. The experimental results of isotope exchange can be explained in this situation. On the other hand. the rate constant of exchange of a residue given by experiments can also be explained by another assumption, as considered before (M. Fujiwara and N. Saitô, Polym. J. 9 (1977) 625.), in which the nucleations of coil states take place in the helix region. Which of the two is of major importance is left to further studies. 相似文献